Pyridopyrimidinedione derivatives

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof, wherein the substituents are as defined in the specification; to its preparation, to its use as medicament and to medicaments comprising it.

The invention relates to pyridopyrimidinedione derivatives, to theirpreparation, to their use as medicaments and to medicaments comprisingthem.

Many human genetic diseases are caused by nonsense mutations (seeKeeling et al, WIREs RNA, 2011, 2, 837-852; Linde et al, Trends inGenetics, 2008, 24(11), 552-563; and Rose et al, Pharmacology &Therapeutics, 2012 136(2), 227-266).

A nonsense mutation is a genetic mutation leading to the transformationof a sense codon into a premature termination codon (hereinafter PTC)upstream from the normal termination codon.

Eukaryotic termination codons are UAA, UAG or UGA.

The normal termination codon stops gene translation and enablesfull-length, wild type protein synthesis. A PTC prevents such wild typeprotein synthesis and leads to truncated, in many cases inactive,proteins. The resulting partial/total lack of protein leads to thepathology of the disease caused by such a nonsense mutation.

Nonsense mutations can be in-frame mutations, e.g. single nucleic acidexchanges transforming a single codon into a PTC, or frameshiftmutations, e.g. a single nucleic acid insertion/deletion transformingthe affected codon into a PTC.

A compound being able to suppress the effect of a nonsense mutation isherein called a “nonsense mutation suppressor”.

One mechanism to suppress the effect of nonsense mutations is toincrease the rate of readthrough events during translation. A compoundhaving this mechanism of action is herein called a “readthroughactivator”. In a readthrough event, an aminoacyl tRNA being near-cognateis used to recode a termination codon into a sense codon. Under basalconditions, the recoding of a PTC into a sense codon occurs in less than1% of translation events, while suppression of a normal stop codonoccurs at a frequency of <0.1%. Amino acids inserted by recoding willnot necessarily be identical to the corresponding amino acids of thewild-type protein; however many amino acid substitutions arefunctionally tolerated. Thus, a protein produced by readthroughactivation may possess activity strongly similar to the wild-typeprotein. Consequently, by increasing the rate of PTC-recoding enoughfunctional protein may be restored to provide a therapeutic benefit topatients carrying a nonsense mutation.

Another mechanism to suppress the effect of nonsense mutations is toinhibit nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). A compound having thismechanism of action is herein called a “NMD inhibitor”. NMD regulatesthe total level of PTC-bearing transcripts: it detects and degrades suchtranscripts to prevent synthesis of truncated proteins which might benonfunctional or deleterious owing to dominant-negative orgain-of-function effects. Inhibition of NMD increases the number oftranscripts available which could also be a mechanism to restore enoughfunctional protein for a therapeutic benefit.

Compounds described as nonsense mutation suppressors are certainaminoglycoside antibiotics, e.g. in WO2007113841, certain1,2,4-oxadiazole benzoic acids, e.g. in WO2004091502 and a compoundcommonly called amlexanox (WO2012016930). WO2009086303 describes agentsfor increasing lifespan. WO96/28444 describes dihydropyrimidoquinolinonecompounds as tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Other pyridopyrimidinedione derivatives are described in WO199208719, inSynthetic Communications, 1999, 29(22), 3919-3937, in Monatshefte fuerChemie, 1996, 127(8/9), 917-925.

The following pyridopyrimidine derivative has been published withoutindicating usefulness of the compound:

ethyl 2-((8,8-dimethyl-4,5- dioxo-3-phenyl- 4,5,5a,6,8,9-hexahydro- 3H-pyrano[3′,4′:5,6]pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidin-2- yl)thio)acetate 915873-05-1

Nonsense mutation suppressors are considered to be useful in thetreatment of a wide range of diseases caused by nonsense mutations.Prominent examples of diseases caused by nonsense mutations are diseasescaused by nonsense mutations in lysosomal enzymes, e.g.mucopolysaccharidosis I (Hurler syndrome) caused by nonsense mutationsin α-L-iduronidase; hemophilia A or hemophilia B caused by nonsensemutations in coagulation factors 7, 8 or 9; cystic fibrosis caused bynonsense mutations in the chloride channel CFTR; diseases caused bynonsense mutations in structural proteins, e.g. Duchenne or BeckerMuscle Dystrophy caused by nonsense mutations in dystrophin; or cancercaused by nonsense mutations in APC or p53.

There is a need to provide new nonsense mutation suppressors that aregood drug candidates. In particular, preferred compounds should bepotent nonsense mutation suppressors whilst showing little potency inother drug target assays, e.g. GPCR or ion channel assays. They shouldexhibit a low binding to plasma proteins. They should be well absorbedfrom the gastrointestinal tract, be sufficiently metabolically stableand possess favorable pharmacokinetic properties. They should benon-toxic and demonstrate few side-effects. Furthermore, the ideal drugcandidate will be able to exist in a physical form that is stable,non-hygroscopic and easily formulated.

The compounds of the invention are nonsense mutation suppressors and aretherefore potentially useful in the treatment of a wide range ofdiseases caused by nonsense mutations, particularly wherein the diseaseis selected from hemophilia A, hemophilia B, cystic fibrosis,mucopolysaccharidosis I, Duchenne Muscle Dystrophy, Becker MuscleDystrophy, loss of APC caused cancer and loss of p53 caused cancer.

In a first aspect, the invention relates to a compound of formula (I) infree form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form which is

-   -   wherein    -   R₁ is a five- to seven-membered monocyclic saturated or        unsaturated non-aromatic ring system, wherein said ring system        may contain from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen,        oxygen and sulfur, and wherein said ring system may be        substituted once or more than once by R₆;    -   and    -   R₂ is C₂₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or more than once        by R₇;    -   or R₂ is —X₁—R₈; —X₁— is —O—, —S— or —N(R₉)—; R₉ is hydrogen or        C₁₋₄alkyl; and R₈ is C₁₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or        more than once by R₁₀;    -   or R₂ is a three- to seven-membered monocyclic aromatic,        saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic ring system, wherein said        ring system may contain from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from        nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and wherein said ring system may be        substituted once or more than once by R₁₁;    -   or    -   R₁ is

-   -   wherein the phenyl ring is attached via the bond marked with an        asterisk;    -   each R₁₂ independently is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, amino,        cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄halogenalkyl, C₁₋₄hydroxyalkyl,        C₁₋₄alkoxy-C₁₋₄alkyl, amino-C₁₋₄alkyl,        C₁₋₄alkyl-amino-C₁₋₄alkyl, di(C₁₋₄alkyl)-amino-C₁₋₄alkyl,        C₁₋₄alkoxy, C₁₋₄halogenalkoxy, C₁₋₄alkylamino or        di(C₁₋₄alkyl)amino; or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, wherein one carbon atom        may be replaced by an oxygen atom, wherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl        may be attached directly or via a C₁₋₂alkylene, and wherein the        C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be substituted once or more than once by        halogen;    -   and    -   R₂ is C₂₋₇alkyl which may be substituted once or more than once        by R₁₃;    -   or R₂ is —X₂—R₁₄; —X₂— is —O—, —S— or —N(R₅)—; R₁₅ is hydrogen        or C₁₋₄alkyl; and R₁₄ is C₁₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once        or more than once by R₁₆;    -   or R₂ is a three- to seven-membered monocyclic saturated or        unsaturated non-aromatic ring system, wherein said ring system        may contain from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen,        oxygen and sulfur, and wherein said ring system may be        substituted once or more than once by R₁₇;    -   R₃ is hydrogen or —CH₂R₁₈;    -   R₁₈ is hydrogen, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₂₋₆alkenyl, C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,        C₁₋₃alkoxyC₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, or aminoC₁₋₃alkyl;    -   R₄ and R₅ together with the bond to which they are attached form        a ring which is selected from a 5- to 7-membered monocyclic        non-aromatic carbocyclic ring which may be substituted once or        more than once by R₁₉;    -   or    -   a thiophene ring, which may be substituted once by R₂₀;    -   or    -   R₄ and R₅ are independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₃alkyl;    -   R₆, R₁₁, and R₁₇ each independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino,        cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄halogenalkyl, C₁₋₄hydroxyalkyl,        C₁₋₄alkoxy-C₁₋₄alkyl, amino-C₁₋₄alkyl,        C₁₋₄alkyl-amino-C₁₋₄alkyl, di(C₁₋₄alkyl)-amino-C₁₋₄alkyl,        C₁₋₄alkoxy, C₁₋₄halogenalkoxy, C₁₋₄alkylamino or        di(C₁₋₄alkyl)amino;    -   or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, wherein one carbon atom may be replaced by an        oxygen atom, wherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be attached directly        or via a C₁₋₂alkylene, and wherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be        substituted once or more than once by halogen;    -   or two R₆, R₁₁ or R₁₇ at the same ring atom together are oxo;    -   or two R₆, R₁₁ or R₁₇ at the same ring carbon atom together with        said carbon atom form a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;    -   R₇, R₁₀, R₁₃ and R₁₆ each independently is halogen, hydroxyl,        amino, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkoxy, C₁₋₄halogenalkoxy,        C₁₋₄alkylamino or di(C₁₋₄alkyl)amino;    -   or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, wherein one carbon atom may be replaced by an        oxygen atom, wherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be attached directly        or via a C₁₋₂alkylene, and wherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be        substituted once or more than once by halogen;    -   or two R₇, R₁₀, R₁₃ or R₁₆ at the same carbon atom together are        oxo;    -   or two R₇, R₁₀, R₁₃ or R₁₆ at the same carbon atom together with        said carbon atom form a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;    -   R₁₉ and R₂₀ are independently selected from halogen, C₁-C₃alkyl.

In a second aspect, the invention relates to a compound of formula (Ia)in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form

-   -   wherein    -   R₂ is C₂₋₇alkyl which may be substituted once or more than once        by R₁₃;    -   or R₂ is a three- to seven-membered monocyclic saturated or        unsaturated non-aromatic ring system, wherein said ring system        may contain from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen,        oxygen and sulfur, and wherein said ring system may be        substituted once or more than once by R₁₇;    -   R₃ is hydrogen or —CH₂R₁₈;    -   R₁₈ is hydrogen;    -   R₄ and R₅ together with the bond to which they are attached form        a ring which is selected from a 5- to 7-membered monocyclic        non-aromatic carbocyclic ring which may be substituted once or        more than once by R₁₉; or a thiophene ring, which may be        substituted once by R₂₀;    -   wherein all other residues are as described in relation to a        compound of formula (I).

In a third aspect, the invention relates to a compound of formula (Ib)in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form

-   -   wherein    -   R₂ is C₂₋₇alkyl which may be substituted once or more than once        by R₁₃;    -   or R₂ is a three- to seven-membered monocyclic saturated or        unsaturated non-aromatic ring system, wherein said ring system        may contain from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen,        oxygen and sulfur, and wherein said ring system may be        substituted once or more than once by R₁₇;    -   R₃ is hydrogen or —CH₂R₁₈;    -   R₁₈ is hydrogen;    -   R₄ and R₅ are independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₃alkyl;    -   wherein all other residues are as described in relation to a        compound of formula (I).

Unless specified otherwise, the term “compounds of the invention” refersto compounds of formula (I) and subformulae thereof such as compounds offormula (Ia), (Ib); salts of the compounds; hydrates or solvates of thecompounds and/or salts; as well as all stereoisomers (includingdiastereoisomers), tautomers and isotopically labeled compounds(including deuterium substitutions); as well as inherently formedmoieties (e.g. polymorphs, solvates and/or hydrates).

Unless indicated otherwise, the expressions used in this invention havethe following meaning:

“Alkyl” represents a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group and,for example, may be methyl, ethyl, n- or iso-propyl or n-, iso-, sec- ortert-butyl; C₂₋₇alkyl preferably represents a straight-chain orbranched-chain C₂₋₄alkyl with particular preference given to ethyl,n-propyl, iso-propyl and tert-butyl. C₁₋₄alkyl preferably represents astraight-chain or branched-chain C₁₋₃alkyl with particular preferencegiven to methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and iso-propyl.

Each alkyl part of “alkoxy”, “halogenalkyl”, “hydroxyalkyl”,“aminoalkyl”, “alkoxyalkyl” and so on shall have the same meaning asdescribed in the above-mentioned definition of “alkyl”, especiallyregarding linearity and preferential size, unless the size is furtherspecified.

“C₃₋₆cycloalkyl” represents a saturated alicyclic moiety having fromthree to six carbon atoms. This term refers to groups such ascyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.

A substituent being substituted “once or more than once”, e.g. asdefined in connection with R₁, is preferably substituted by one to threesubstituents. Thus, “once or more than once” includes but is not limitedto one, two or three substituents.

Halogen is generally fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine; preferablyfluorine, chlorine or bromine. Halogenalkyl groups preferably have achain length of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and are, for example, fluoromethyl,difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl,trichloromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloroethyl,pentafluoroethyl, 1,1-difluoro-2,2,2-trichloroethyl,2,2,2-trichloroethyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl,2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl or2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl.

In the context of the invention, the definition of R₁ as a “five- toseven-membered monocyclic saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic ringsystem, wherein said ring system may contain from 1 to 4 hetero atoms”encompasses five- to seven-membered monocyclic non-aromatic hydrocarbongroups and heterocyclic ring systems of the same sizes.

In the context of the invention, the definition of R₂ as a “three- toseven-membered monocyclic aromatic, saturated or unsaturatednon-aromatic ring system, wherein said ring system may contain from 1 to4 hetero atoms” encompasses three- to seven-membered monocyclic aromaticor non-aromatic hydrocarbon groups and aromatic or non-aromaticheterocyclic ring systems of the same sizes.

Examples of heterocyclic ring systems are: pyrrole, pyrroline,pyrrolidine, pyrazole, pyrazoline, pyrazolidine, imidazole, imidazoline,imidazolidine, triazole, triazoline, triazolidine, tetrazole, furane,dihydrofurane, tetrahydrofurane, oxadiazole, dioxolane, thiophene,dihydrothiophene, tetrahydrothiophene, oxazole, oxazoline, oxazolidine,isoxazole, isoxazoline, isoxazolidine, thiazole, thiazoline,thiazolidine, isothiazole, isothiazoline, isothiazolidine, thiadiazole,thiadiazoline, thiadiazolidine, pyridine, piperidine, pyridazine,pyrazine, pyrimidine, piperazine, triazine, pyrane, tetrahydropyrane,thiopyrane, tetrahydrothiopyrane, oxazine, thiazine, morpholine.

Compounds of formula (I) may exist in optically active form or in formof mixtures of optical isomers, e.g. in form of racemic mixtures ordiastereomeric mixtures. In particular, asymmetrical carbon atom(s) maybe present in the compounds of formula (I) and their salts. Unlessotherwise provided herein, all optical isomers and their mixtures,including the racemic mixtures, are embraced by the invention.

As used herein, the term “isomers” refers to different compounds thathave the same molecular formula but differ in arrangement andconfiguration of the atoms. Also as used herein, the term “an opticalisomer” or “a stereoisomer” refers to any of the various stereo isomericconfigurations which may exist for a given compound of the invention andincludes geometric isomers. It is understood that a substituent may beattached at a chiral center of a carbon atom. The term “chiral” refersto molecules which have the property of non-superimposability on theirmirror image partner, while the term “achiral” refers to molecules whichare superimposable on their mirror image partner. Therefore, theinvention includes enantiomers, diastereomers or racemates of thecompound. “Enantiomers” are a pair of stereoisomers that arenon-superimposable mirror images of each other. A 1:1 mixture of a pairof enantiomers is a “racemic” mixture. The term is used to designate aracemic mixture where appropriate. “Diastereoisomers” are stereoisomersthat have at least two asymmetric atoms, but which are not mirror-imagesof each other. The absolute stereochemistry is specified according tothe Cahn-Ingold-Prelog R-S system. When a compound is a pure enantiomerthe stereochemistry at each chiral carbon may be specified by either Ror S. Resolved compounds whose absolute configuration is unknown can bedesignated (+) or (−) depending on the direction (dextro- orlevorotatory) which they rotate plane polarized light at the wavelengthof the sodium D line. The compounds described herein may contain one ormore asymmetric centers and may thus give rise to enantiomers,diastereomers, and other stereoisomeric forms that may be defined, interms of absolute stereochemistry, as (R)- or (S)-. Unless otherwiseprovided herein, the invention is meant to include all such possibleisomers, including racemic mixtures, optically pure forms andintermediate mixtures. Optically active (R)- and (S)-isomers may beprepared using chiral synthons or chiral reagents, or resolved usingconventional techniques.

If the compound contains a double bond, the substituent may be E or Zconfiguration.

If the compound contains a disubstituted cycloalkyl, the cycloalkylsubstituent may have a cis- or trans-configuration.

Any asymmetric atom (e.g. carbon or the like) of the compound(s) of theinvention can be present in racemic or enantiomerically enriched, forexample the (R)-, (S)- or (R,S)-configuration. In certain embodiments,each asymmetric atom has at least 50% enantiomeric excess, at least 60%enantiomeric excess, at least 70% enantiomeric excess, at least 80%enantiomeric excess, at least 90% enantiomeric excess, at least 95%enantiomeric excess, or at least 99% enantiomeric excess in the (R)- or(S)-configuration. Substituents at atoms with unsaturated bonds may, ifpossible, be present in cis-(Z)- or trans-(E)-form.

Accordingly, as used herein, a compound of the invention can be in theform of one of the possible isomers, rotamers, atropisomers, tautomersor mixtures thereof, for example, as substantially pure geometric (cisor trans) isomers, diastereomers, optical isomers (antipodes), racematesor mixtures thereof.

Any resulting mixtures of isomers can be separated on the basis of thephysicochemical differences of the constituents, into the pure orsubstantially pure geometric or optical isomers, diastereomers,racemates, for example, by chromatography and/or fractionalcrystallization.

Any resulting racemates of final products or intermediates can beresolved into the optical antipodes by known methods, e.g., byseparation of the diastereomeric salts thereof, obtained with anoptically active acid or base, and liberating the optically activeacidic or basic compound. In particular, a basic moiety may thus beemployed to resolve the compounds of the invention into their opticalantipodes, e.g., by fractional crystallization of a salt formed with anoptically active acid, e.g., tartaric acid, dibenzoyl tartaric acid,diacetyl tartaric acid, di-O,O′-p-toluoyl tartaric acid, mandelic acid,malic acid or camphor-10-sulfonic acid. Racemic products can also beresolved by chiral chromatography, e.g., high pressure liquidchromatography (HPLC) using a chiral adsorbent.

Depending on substituent definition, compounds of formula (I) may occurin various tautomeric forms. All tautomeric forms of the compounds offormula (I) are embraced by the invention. For example, compounds offormula (I), in which R₁, R₂, R₄ and R₅ are as defined under formula I,and R₃ is hydrogen, may exist in tautomeric forms (I-1), (I-2) or (I-3):

As used herein, the terms “salt” or “salts” refers to an acid additionor base addition salt of a compound of the invention. “Salts” include inparticular “pharmaceutically acceptable salts”.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to salts that retainthe biological effectiveness and properties of the compounds of thisinvention and, which typically are not biologically or otherwiseundesirable. The compounds of the invention may be capable of formingacid and/or base salts by virtue of the presence of amino and/orcarboxyl groups or groups similar thereto.

The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the invention can besynthesized from a basic or acidic moiety, by conventional chemicalmethods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by reacting free acidforms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriatebase or by reacting free base forms of these compounds with astoichiometric amount of the appropriate acid. Such reactions aretypically carried out in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixtureof the two. Generally, use of non-aqueous media like ether, ethylacetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile is desirable, wherepracticable. Lists of suitable salts can be found, e.g., in “Remington'sPharmaceutical Sciences”, 20th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton,Pa., (1985); and in “Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties,Selection, and Use” by Stahl and Wermuth (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany,2002).

When both a basic group and an acid group are present in the samemolecule, the compounds of the invention may also form internal salts,e.g., zwitterionic molecules.

Any formula given herein is also intended to represent unlabeled formsas well as isotopically labeled forms of the compounds. Isotopicallylabeled compounds have structures depicted by the formulas given hereinexcept that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having a selectedatomic mass or mass number. Examples of isotopes that can beincorporated into compounds of the invention include isotopes ofhydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine, and chlorine,such as ²H, ³H, ¹¹C, ¹³C, ¹⁴C, ¹⁵N, ¹⁸F ³¹P, ³²P, ³⁵S, ³⁶Cl, ¹²⁵Irespectively. The invention includes various isotopically labeledcompounds as defined herein, for example those into which radioactiveisotopes, such as ³H and ¹⁴C, or those into which non-radioactiveisotopes, such as ²H and ¹³C are present. Such isotopically labelledcompounds are useful in metabolic studies (with ¹⁴C), reaction kineticstudies (with, for example ²H or ³H), detection or imaging techniques,such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emissioncomputed tomography (SPECT) including drug or substrate tissuedistribution assays, or in radioactive treatment of patients. Inparticular, an ¹⁸F labeled compound may be particularly desirable forPET or SPECT studies. Isotopically-labeled compounds of formula (I) cangenerally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilledin the art or by processes analogous to those described in theaccompanying Examples and Preparations using an appropriateisotopically-labeled reagents in place of the non-labeled reagentpreviously employed.

Further, substitution with heavier isotopes, particularly deuterium(i.e., ²H or D) may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting fromgreater metabolic stability, for example increased in vivo half-life orreduced dosage requirements or an improvement in therapeutic index. Itis understood that deuterium in this context is regarded as asubstituent of a compound of the formula (I). The concentration of sucha heavier isotope, specifically deuterium, may be defined by theisotopic enrichment factor. The term “isotopic enrichment factor” asused herein means the ratio between the isotopic abundance and thenatural abundance of a specified isotope. If a substituent in a compoundof this invention is denoted deuterium, such compound has an isotopicenrichment factor for each designated deuterium atom of at least 3500(52.5% deuterium incorporation at each designated deuterium atom), atleast 4000 (60% deuterium incorporation), at least 4500 (67.5% deuteriumincorporation), at least 5000 (75% deuterium incorporation), at least5500 (82.5% deuterium incorporation), at least 6000 (90% deuteriumincorporation), at least 6333.3 (95% deuterium incorporation), at least6466.7 (97% deuterium incorporation), at least 6600 (99% deuteriumincorporation), or at least 6633.3 (99.5% deuterium incorporation).

Pharmaceutically acceptable solvates in accordance with the inventioninclude those wherein the solvent of crystallization may be isotopicallysubstituted, e.g. D₂O, d₆-acetone, d₆-DMSO.

Compounds of the invention that contain groups capable of acting asdonors and/or acceptors for hydrogen bonds may be capable of formingco-crystals with suitable co-crystal formers. These co-crystals may beprepared from compounds of formula (I) by known co-crystal formingprocedures. Such procedures include grinding, heating, co-subliming,co-melting, or contacting in solution compounds of formula I with theco-crystal former under crystallization conditions and isolatingco-crystals thereby formed. Suitable co-crystal formers include thosedescribed in WO 2004/078163. Hence the invention further providesco-crystals comprising a compound of formula (I).

The invention also envisages the use of pro-drugs of the compounds ofthe invention that convert in vivo to the compounds of the invention. Apro-drug is an active or inactive compound that is modified chemicallythrough in vivo physiological action, such as hydrolysis, metabolism andthe like, into a compound of the invention following administration ofthe prodrug to a subject. The suitability and techniques involved inmaking and using pro-drugs are well known by those skilled in the art.Prodrugs can be conceptually divided into two non-exclusive categories,bioprecursor prodrugs and carrier prodrugs. See The Practice ofMedicinal Chemistry, Ch. 31-32 (Ed. Wermuth, Academic Press, San Diego,Calif., 2001).

Furthermore, the compounds of the invention, including their salts, canalso be obtained in the form of their hydrates, or include othersolvents used for their crystallization. The compounds of the inventionmay inherently or by design form solvates with pharmaceuticallyacceptable solvents (including water); therefore, it is intended thatthe invention embrace both solvated and unsolvated forms. The term“solvate” refers to a molecular complex of a compound of the invention(including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof) with one or moresolvent molecules. Such solvent molecules are those commonly used in thepharmaceutical art, which are known to be innocuous to the recipient,e.g., water, ethanol, and the like. The term “hydrate” refers to thecomplex where the solvent molecule is water.

The compounds of the invention, including salts, hydrates and solvatesthereof, may inherently or by design form polymorphs.

The definition of the substituents applies to compounds of the first,second and third aspect; i.e. compounds of formula (I), compounds offormula (Ia) and compounds of formula (Ib) respectively.

The definition of the substituents applies to the end-products as wellas to the corresponding intermediates.

Various embodiments of the invention are described herein. It will berecognized that features specified in each embodiment may be combinedwith other specified features to provide further embodiments of thepresent invention.

EMBODIMENT 1

A compound of formula (I), (Ia) or (Ib) in free form or inpharmaceutically acceptable salt form as hereinbefore defined.

EMBODIMENT 2

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 1, wherein R₁ is a five- tosix-membered monocyclic saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic ringsystem, wherein said ring system may contain from 1 to 4 hetero atomsselected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and wherein said ring systemmay be substituted once or more than once by R₆;

andR₂ is C₂₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or more than once by R₇;or R₂ is —X₁—R₈; —X₁— is —O—, —S— or —N(R₉)—; R₉ is hydrogen orC₁₋₄alkyl; and R₈ is C₁₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or morethan once by R₁₀;or R₂ is a three- to five-membered monocyclic saturated or unsaturatednon-aromatic ring system, wherein said ring system may contain from 1 to4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and whereinsaid ring system may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₁;or

R₁ is

wherein the phenyl ring is attached via the bond marked with anasterisk;each R₁₂ independently is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano,nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄halogenalkyl, C₁₋₄hydroxyalkyl,C₁₋₄alkoxy-C₁₋₄alkyl, amino-C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkyl-amino-C₁₋₄alkyl,di(C₁₋₄alkyl)-amino-C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, C₁₋₄halogenalkoxy,C₁₋₄alkylamino or di(C₁₋₄alkyl)amino; or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, wherein onecarbon atom may be replaced by an oxygen atom, wherein theC₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be attached directly or via a C₁₋₂alkylene, andwherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be substituted once or more than once byhalogen;andR₂ is C₂₋₇alkyl which may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₃;or R₂ is —X₂—R₁₄; —X₂— is —O—, —S— or —N(R₅)—; R₁₅ is hydrogen orC₁₋₄alkyl; and R₁₄ is C₁₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or morethan once by R₁₆;or R₂ is a three- to five-membered monocyclic saturated or unsaturatednon-aromatic ring system, wherein said ring system may contain from 1 to4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and whereinsaid ring system may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₇;R₃ is hydrogen or —CH₂R₁₈;R₁₈ is hydrogen, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₂₋₆alkenyl, C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,C₁₋₃alkoxyC₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, or aminoC₁₋₃alkyl;R₄ and R₅ together with the bond to which they are attached form a ringwhich is selected from a 5- to 7-membered monocyclic non-aromaticcarbocyclic ring which may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₉;or a thiophene ring, which may be substituted once by R₂₀;orR₄ and R₅ are independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₃alkyl;R₆, R₁₁, and R₁₇ each independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano,nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄halogenalkyl, C₁₋₄hydroxyalkyl,C₁₋₄alkoxy-C₁₋₄alkyl, amino-C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkyl-amino-C₁₋₄alkyl,di(C₁₋₄alkyl)-amino-C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, C₁₋₄halogenalkoxy,C₁₋₄alkylamino or di(C₁₋₄alkyl)amino;or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, wherein one carbon atom may be replaced by an oxygenatom, wherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be attached directly or via aC₁₋₂alkylene, and wherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be substituted once ormore than once by halogen;or two R₆, R₁₁, or R₁₇ at the same ring atom together are oxo;or two R₆, R₁₁, or R₁₇ at the same ring carbon atom together with saidcarbon atom form a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;R₇, R₁₀, R₁₃ and R₁₆ each independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino,cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkoxy, C₁₋₄halogenalkoxy, C₁₋₄alkylamino ordi(C₁₋₄alkyl)amino;or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, wherein one carbon atom may be replaced by an oxygenatom, wherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be attached directly or via aC₁₋₂alkylene, and wherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be substituted once ormore than once by halogen;or two R₇, R₁₀, R₁₃ or R₁₆ at the same carbon atom together are oxo;or two R₇, R₁₀, R₁₃ or R₁₆ at the same carbon atom together with saidcarbon atom form a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;R₁₉ and R₂₀ are independently selected from halogen, C₁-C₃alkyl.

EMBODIMENT 3

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 1, wherein R₁ is

wherein the phenyl ring is attached via the bond marked with anasterisk; each R₁₂ independently is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, amino,cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄halogenalkyl, C₁₋₄hydroxyalkyl,C₁₋₄alkoxy-C₁₋₄alkyl, amino-C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkyl-amino-C₁₋₄alkyl,di(C₁₋₄alkyl)-amino-C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, C₁₋₄halogenalkoxy,C₁₋₄alkylamino or di(C₁₋₄alkyl)amino; or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, wherein onecarbon atom may be replaced by an oxygen atom, wherein theC₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be attached directly or via a C₁₋₂alkylene, andwherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be substituted once or more than once byhalogen;andR₂ is C₂₋₇alkyl which may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₃;or R₂ is —X₂—R₁₄; —X₂— is —O—, —S— or —N(R₅)—; R₁₅ is hydrogen orC₁₋₄alkyl; and R₁₄ is C₁₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or morethan once by R₁₆;or R₂ is a three- to five-membered monocyclic saturated or unsaturatednon-aromatic ring system, wherein said ring system may contain from 1 to4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and whereinsaid ring system may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₇;R₃ is hydrogen or —CH₂R₁₈;R₁₈ is hydrogen, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₂₋₆alkenyl, C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,C₁₋₃alkoxyC₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, or aminoC₁₋₃alkyl;R₄ and R₅ together with the bond to which they are attached form a ringwhich is selected from a 5- to 7-membered monocyclic non-aromaticcarbocyclic ring which may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₉;or a thiophene ring, which may be substituted once by R₂₀;orR₄ and R₅ are independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₃alkyl;R₁₃ and R₁₆ each independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano,nitro, C₁₋₄alkoxy, C₁₋₄halogenalkoxy, C₁₋₄alkylamino ordi(C₁₋₄alkyl)amino;or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, wherein one carbon atom may be replaced by an oxygenatom, wherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be attached directly or via aC₁₋₂alkylene, and wherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be substituted once ormore than once by halogen;or two R₁₃ or R₁₆ at the same carbon atom together are oxo;or two R₁₃ or R₁₆ at the same carbon atom together with said carbon atomform a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;R₁₇ is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl,C₁₋₄halogenalkyl, C₁₋₄hydroxyalkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy-C₁₋₄alkyl,amino-C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkyl-amino-C₁₋₄alkyl,di(C₁₋₄alkyl)-amino-C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, C₁₋₄halogenalkoxy,C₁₋₄alkylamino or di(C₁₋₄alkyl)amino;or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, wherein one carbon atom may be replaced by an oxygenatom, wherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be attached directly or via aC₁₋₂alkylene, and wherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be substituted once ormore than once by halogen;or two R₁₇ at the same ring atom together are oxo;or two R₁₇ at the same ring carbon atom together with said carbon atomform a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl.

EMBODIMENT 4

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein R₁ is a five- tosix-membered monocyclic saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic ringsystem, wherein said ring system may contain from 1 to 4 hetero atomsselected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and wherein said ring systemmay be substituted once or more than once by R₆;

andR₂ is C₂₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or more than once by R₇;or R₂ is —X₁—R₈; —X₁— is —O—, —S— or —N(R₉)—; R₉ is hydrogen orC₁₋₄alkyl; and R₈ is C₁₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or morethan once by R₁₀;or R₂ is a three- to five-membered monocyclic saturated or unsaturatednon-aromatic ring system, wherein said ring system may contain from 1 to4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and whereinsaid ring system may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₁;R₃ is hydrogen or —CH₂R₁₈;R₁₈ is hydrogen, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₂₋₆alkenyl or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;R₇ and R₁₀ each independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro,C₁₋₄alkoxy, C₁₋₄halogenalkoxy, C₁₋₄alkylamino or di(C₁₋₄alkyl)amino;

-   -   or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, wherein one carbon atom may be replaced by an        oxygen atom, wherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be attached directly        or via a C₁₋₂alkylene, and wherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be        substituted once or more than once by halogen;        or two R₇ or R₁₀ at the same carbon atom together are oxo;        or two R₇ or R₁₀ at the same carbon atom together with said        carbon atom form a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;        R₆, and R₁₁ each independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino,        cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄halogenalkyl, C₁₋₄hydroxyalkyl,        C₁₋₄alkoxy-C₁₋₄alkyl, amino-C₁₋₄alkyl,        C₁₋₄alkyl-amino-C₁₋₄alkyl, di(C₁₋₄alkyl)-amino-C₁₋₄alkyl,        C₁₋₄alkoxy, C₁₋₄halogenalkoxy, C₁₋₄alkylamino or        di(C₁₋₄alkyl)amino;        or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, wherein one carbon atom may be replaced by an        oxygen atom, wherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be attached directly        or via a C₁₋₂alkylene, and wherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be        substituted once or more than once by halogen;        or two R₆ or R₁₁ at the same ring atom together are oxo;        or two R₆ or R₁₁ at the same ring carbon atom together with said        carbon atom form a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl.

EMBODIMENT 5

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 4, wherein R₁ is a five- tosix-membered monocyclic saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic ringsystem, wherein said ring system may contain from 1 to 4 hetero atomsselected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and wherein said ring systemmay be substituted once or more than once by R₆; each R₆ independentlyis halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄halogenalkyl,C₁₋₄hydroxyalkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy-C₁₋₄alkyl, amino-C₁₋₄alkyl,C₁₋₄alkyl-amino-C₁₋₄alkyl, di(C₁₋₄alkyl)-amino-C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy,C₁₋₄halogenalkoxy, C₁₋₄alkylamino or di(C₁₋₄alkyl)amino; orC₃₋₆cycloalkyl, wherein one carbon atom may be replaced by an oxygenatom, wherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be attached directly or via aC₁₋₂alkylene, and wherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be substituted once ormore than once by halogen; or two R₆ at the same ring atom together areoxo; or two R₆ at the same ring carbon atom together with said carbonatom form a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl.

EMBODIMENT 6

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 5, wherein R₁ is a five- tosix-membered monocyclic saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic ringsystem, wherein said ring system may contain from 1 to 4 hetero atomsselected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and wherein said ring systemmay be substituted once or more than once by R₆; each R₆ independentlyis halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄halogenalkyl,C₁₋₄alkoxy or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl.

EMBODIMENT 7

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to any of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein R₁ is

wherein the phenyl ring is attached via the bond marked with anasterisk;each R₁₂ independently is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano,nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄halogenalkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl.

EMBODIMENT 8

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein R₂ isC₂₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or more than once by R₇.

EMBODIMENT 9

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein R₂ isC₂₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or more than once by R₇; each R₇independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkoxy orC₃₋₆cycloalkyl.

EMBODIMENT 10

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to any of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein R₂ is —X₁—R₈;—X₁— is —O—, —S— or —N(R₉)—; R₉ is hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; and R₈ isC₁₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₀.

EMBODIMENT 11

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 10, wherein R₂ is —X₁—R₈; —X₁— is —O—,—S— or —N(R₉)—; R₉ is hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; and R₈ is C₁₋₆alkyl whichmay be substituted once or more than once by R₁₀; each R₁₀ independentlyis halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkoxy or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl.

EMBODIMENT 12

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 10, wherein R₂ is —X₁—R₈; —X₁— is —O—or —S—; and R₈ is C₁₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or more thanonce by R₁₀; each R₁₀ independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano,nitro, C₁₋₄alkoxy or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl.

EMBODIMENT 13

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 10, wherein R₂ is —X₁—R₈; —X₁— is —O—or —S—; and R₈ is C₁₋₆alkyl.

EMBODIMENT 14

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 10, wherein R₂ is —X₁—R₈; —X₁— is—N(R₉)—; R₉ is hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; and R₈ is C₁₋₆alkyl which may besubstituted once or more than once by R₁₀; each R₁₀ independently ishalogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkoxy or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl.

EMBODIMENT 15

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 10, wherein R₂ is —X₁—R₈; —X₁— is—N(R₉)—; R₉ is C₁₋₄alkyl; and R₈ is C₁₋₆alkyl.

EMBODIMENT 16

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to any of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein R₂ is a three-to five-membered monocyclic saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic ringsystem, wherein said ring system may contain from 1 to 4 hetero atomsselected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and wherein said ring systemmay be substituted once or more than once by R₁₁.

EMBODIMENT 17

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 16, wherein R₂ is a three- tofive-membered monocyclic saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic ringsystem, wherein said ring system may contain from 1 to 4 hetero atomsselected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and wherein said ring systemmay be substituted once or more than once by R₁₁; each R₁₁ independentlyis halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy orC₃₋₆cycloalkyl.

EMBODIMENT 18

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to any of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein R₂ isC₂₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₃.

EMBODIMENT 19

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 18, wherein R₂ is C₂₋₆alkyl which maybe substituted once or more than once by R₁₃; each R₁₃ independently ishalogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkoxy or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl.

EMBODIMENT 20

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to any of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein R₂ is —X₂—R₁₄;—X₂— is —O—, —S— or —N(R₁₅)—; R₁₅ is hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; and R₁₄ isC₁₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₆.

EMBODIMENT 21

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 20, wherein R₂ is —X₂—R₁₄; —X₂— is—O—, —S— or —N(R₁₅)—; R₁₅ is hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; and R₁₄ is C₁₋₆alkylwhich may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₆; each R₁₆independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkoxy orC₃₋₆cycloalkyl.

EMBODIMENT 22

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 20, wherein R₂ is —X₂—R₁₄; —X₂— is —O—or —S—; and R₁₄ is C₁₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or more thanonce by R₁₆; each R₁₆ independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano,nitro, C₁₋₄alkoxy or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl.

EMBODIMENT 23

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 20, wherein R₂ is —X₂—R₁₄; —X₂— is —O—or —S—; and R₁₄ is C₁₋₆alkyl.

EMBODIMENT 24

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 20, wherein R₂ is —X₂—R₁₄; —X₂— is—N(R₁₅)—; R₁₅ is hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; and R₁₄ is C₁₋₆alkyl which maybe substituted once or more than once by R₁₆; each R₁₆ independently ishalogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkoxy or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl.

EMBODIMENT 25

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 20, wherein R₂ is —X₂—R₁₄; —X₂— is—N(R₁₅)—; R₁₅ is C₁₋₄alkyl; and R₁₄ is C₁₋₆alkyl.

EMBODIMENT 26

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to any of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein R₂ is a three-to five-membered monocyclic saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic ringsystem, wherein said ring system may contain from 1 to 4 hetero atomsselected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and wherein said ring systemmay be substituted once or more than once by R₁₇.

EMBODIMENT 27

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 26, wherein R₂ is a three- tofive-membered monocyclic saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic ringsystem, wherein said ring system may contain from 1 to 4 hetero atomsselected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and wherein said ring systemmay be substituted once or more than once by R₁₇; each R₁₇ independentlyis halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy orC₃₋₆cycloalkyl.

EMBODIMENT 28

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to any of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein R₂ iscyclobutyl.

EMBODIMENT 29

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein R₃ ishydrogen or —CH₂R₁₈; R₁₈ is hydrogen, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₂₋₆alkenyl orC₃₋₆cycloalkyl.

EMBODIMENT 30

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein R₄ andR₅ together with the bond to which they are attached form a 5- to7-membered monocyclic non-aromatic carbocyclic ring which may besubstituted once or more than once by R₁₉; R₁₉ is selected from halogenor C₁-C₃alkyl.

EMBODIMENT 31

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 30, wherein R₄ and R₅ together withthe bond to which they are attached form a cyclopentyl ring.

EMBODIMENT 32

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 30, wherein R₄ and R₅ together withthe bond to which they are attached form a cyclohexyl ring.

EMBODIMENT 33

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 32, wherein R₄ and R₅ together withthe bond to which they are attached form a cyclohexyl ring substitutedonce with C₁-C₃alkyl.

EMBODIMENT 34

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 30, wherein R₄ and R₅ together withthe bond to which they are attached form a cycloheptyl ring.

EMBODIMENT 35

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to any of embodiments 1 to 29, wherein R₄ and R₅together with the bond to which they are attached form a thiophene ring.

EMBODIMENT 36

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 35, wherein R₄ and R₅ together withthe bond to which they are attached form a thiophene ring attached tothe rest of the molecule to form athieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidinedione compound.

EMBODIMENT 37

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 35, wherein R₄ and R₅ together withthe bond to which they are attached form a thiophene ring attached tothe rest of the molecule to form athieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidinedione compound.

EMBODIMENT 38

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to embodiment 35, wherein R₄ and R₅ together withthe bond to which they are attached form a thiophene ring attached tothe rest of the molecule to form athieno[3′,4′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidinedione compound.

EMBODIMENT 39

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to any of embodiments 35 to 38, wherein R₄ and R₅together with the bond to which they are attached form a thiophene ringsubstituted once with C₁-C₃alkyl or halogen.

EMBODIMENT 40

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to any of embodiments 35 to 38, wherein R₄ and R₅together with the bond to which they are attached form an unsubstitutedthiophene ring.

EMBODIMENT 41

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to any of embodiments 1 to 29, wherein R₄ ishydrogen.

EMBODIMENT 42

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to any of embodiments 1 to 29, wherein R₄ is methyl.

EMBODIMENT 43

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to any of embodiments 1 to 29 or 41 or 42, whereinR₅ is hydrogen.

EMBODIMENT 44

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to any of embodiments 1 to 29 or 41 or 42, whereinR₅ is methyl.

EMBODIMENT 45

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein R₃ is—CH₂R₁₈; and R₁₈ is hydrogen.

EMBODIMENT 46

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form, wherein R₁ is

wherein the phenyl ring is attached via the bond marked with anasterisk;each R₁₂ independently is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano,nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄halogenalkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy; or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;andR₂ is C₂₋₇alkyl which may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₃;or R₂ is is —X₂—R₁₄; —X₂— is —O—, —S— or —N(R₁₅)—; R₁₅ is hydrogen orC₁₋₄alkyl; and R₁₄ is C₁₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or morethan once by R₁₆; each R₁₆ independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino,cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkoxy or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;or R₂ is a three- to five-membered monocyclic saturated or unsaturatednon-aromatic ring system, wherein said ring system may contain from 1 to4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and whereinsaid ring system may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₇;R₃ is hydrogen or —CH₂R₁₈; and R₁₈ is hydrogen;R₄ and R₅ together with the bond to which they are attached form a ringwhich is selected from a5- to 7-membered monocyclic non-aromatic carbocyclic ring which may besubstituted once or more than once by R₁₉;each R₁₃ independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro,C₁₋₄alkoxy or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;each R₁₇ independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro,C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;R₁₉ is C₁-C₃alkyl.

EMBODIMENT 47

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form, wherein R₁ is a five- to six-membered monocyclic saturated orunsaturated non-aromatic ring system, wherein said ring system maycontain from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen andsulfur, and wherein said ring system may be substituted once or morethan once by R₆; each R₆ independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino,cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;

R₂ is C₂₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or more than once by R₇;or R₂ is is —X₁—R₈; —X₁— is —O—, —S— or —N(R₉)—; R₉ is hydrogen orC₁₋₄alkyl; and R₈ is C₁₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or morethan once by R₁₀; each R₁₀ independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino,cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkoxy or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;or R₂ is a three- to five-membered monocyclic saturated or unsaturatednon-aromatic ring system, wherein said ring system may contain from 1 to4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and whereinsaid ring system may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₁; eachR₁₁ independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl,C₁₋₄alkoxy or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;R₃ is hydrogen or —CH₂R₁₈; and R₁₈ is hydrogen;R₄ and R₅ together with the bond to which they are attached form a ringwhich is a 5- to 7-membered monocyclic non-aromatic carbocyclic ringwhich may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₉;R₁₉ is C₁-C₃alkyl.

EMBODIMENT 48

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form, wherein R₁ is

wherein the phenyl ring is attached via the bond marked with anasterisk;each R₁₂ independently is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano,nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄halogenalkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy; or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;andR₂ is C₂₋₇alkyl which may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₃;or R₂ is is —X₂—R₁₄; —X₂— is —O—, —S— or —N(R₁₅)—; R₁₅ is hydrogen orC₁₋₄alkyl; and R₁₄ is C₁₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or morethan once by R₁₆; each R₁₆ independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino,cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkoxy or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;or R₂ is a three- to five-membered monocyclic saturated or unsaturatednon-aromatic ring system, wherein said ring system may contain from 1 to4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and whereinsaid ring system may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₇;R₃ is hydrogen or —CH₂R₁₈; and R₁₈ is hydrogen;R₄ and R₅ together with the bond to which they are attached form athiophene ring, which may be substituted once by R₂₀;each R₁₃ independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro,C₁₋₄alkoxy or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl; each R₁₇ independently is halogen,hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;R₂₀ is C₁-C₃alkyl.

EMBODIMENT 49

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form, wherein R₁ is a five- to six-membered monocyclic saturated orunsaturated non-aromatic ring system, wherein said ring system maycontain from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen andsulfur, and wherein said ring system may be substituted once or morethan once by R₆; each R₆ independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino,cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;

R₂ is C₂₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or more than once by R₇;or R₂ is is —X₁—R₈; —X₁— is —O—, —S— or —N(R₉)—; R₉ is hydrogen orC₁₋₄alkyl; and R₈ is C₁₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or morethan once by R₁₀; each R₁₀ independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino,cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkoxy or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;or R₂ is a three- to five-membered monocyclic saturated or unsaturatednon-aromatic ring system, wherein said ring system may contain from 1 to4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and whereinsaid ring system may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₁; eachR₁₁ independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl,C₁₋₄alkoxy or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;R₃ is hydrogen or —CH₂R₁₈; and R₁₈ is hydrogen;R₄ and R₅ together with the bond to which they are attached form a ringwhich is a 5- to 7-membered monocyclic non-aromatic carbocyclic ringwhich may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₉;R₁₉ is C₁-C₃alkyl.

EMBODIMENT 50

A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form, wherein R₁ is a five- to six-membered monocyclic saturated orunsaturated non-aromatic ring system, wherein said ring system maycontain from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen andsulfur, and wherein said ring system may be substituted once or morethan once by R₆; each R₆ independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino,cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;

R₂ is C₂₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or more than once by R₇;or R₂ is is —X₁—R₈; —X₁— is —O—, —S— or —N(R₉)—; R₉ is hydrogen orC₁₋₄alkyl; and R₈ is C₁₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once or morethan once by R₁₀; each R₁₀ independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino,cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkoxy or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;or R₂ is a three- to five-membered monocyclic saturated or unsaturatednon-aromatic ring system, wherein said ring system may contain from 1 to4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and whereinsaid ring system may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₁; eachR₁₁ independently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl,C₁₋₄alkoxy or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;R₃ is hydrogen or —CH₂R₁₈; and R₁₈ is hydrogen;R₄ and R₅ together with the bond to which they are attached form a ringwhich is a thiophene ring, which may be substituted once by R₂₀;R₂₀ is C₁-C₃alkyl.

In an embodiment, the compound is selected from

-   2-isopropyl-9-methyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   2-isopropyl-7,9-dimethyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   2-cyclobutyl-7-methyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   9-(2-aminoethyl)-2-cyclobutyl-7-methyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   2-isopropyl-7,9-dimethyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   2-isopropyl-7,9-dimethyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   2-isopropyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,4′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   2-isopropyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   2-isopropyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   2-isopropyl-7-methyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   2-cyclobutyl-7,9-dimethyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   2-cyclobutyl-9-methyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   2-cyclobutyl-9-methyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   2-cyclobutyl-7,9-dimethyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   2-cyclobutyl-7-ethyl-9-methyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   2-cyclobutyl-6,9-dimethyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   2-cyclobutyl-8,9-dimethyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   2-cyclobutyl-8,9-dimethyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,4′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   7-chloro-2-cyclobutyl-9-methyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   7-chloro-2-cyclobutyl-9-methyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   7-chloro-2-isopropyl-9-methyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   7-chloro-2-isopropyl-9-methyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   2-isopropyl-8-methyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   2-isopropyl-8,9-dimethyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;-   2-isopropyl-3-phenyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3H-cyclohepta[5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(6H,11H)-dione;-   2-isopropyl-11-methyl-3-phenyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3H-cyclohepta[5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(6H,11H)-dione;-   2-isopropyl-3-phenyl-7,8-dihydro-3H-cyclopenta[5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(6H,9H)-dione;-   2-isopropyl-9-methyl-3-phenyl-7,8-d    -3H-cyclopenta[5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(6H,9H)-dione;-   2-isopropyl-6,7-dimethyl-3-phenylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,8H)-dione;-   2-isopropyl-8-methyl-3-phenyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,5(3H,    1H)-dione;-   2-isopropyl-6,7,8-trimethyl-3-phenylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,8H)-dione;-   2-isopropyl-7-methyl-3-phenyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,5(3H,    1H)-dione;-   2-isopropyl-8,    1-dimethyl-3-phenyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,5(3H,    10H)-dione;-   2-isopropyl-7,10-dimethyl-3-phenyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,5(3H,10H)-dione;-   2-isopropyl-10-methyl-3-phenyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,5(3H,    10H)-dione;-   2-cyclobutyl-6,7-dimethyl-3-phenylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,8H)-dione;    and-   2-cyclobutyl-6,7,8-trimethyl-3-phenylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,8H)-dione    in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form.

Compounds of the formula (I) can be prepared by conventional processes,e.g. as described in the Examples, which processes are further aspectsof the invention.

Typically, the compounds of formula (I) can be prepared according to theSchemes I and II provided infra.

The process steps are described in more details below:

Step I.1: A compound of formula (IV) in which R₃, R₄ and R₅ are asdefined herein in relation to a compound of formula (I) or subformulaethereof may be obtained by reacting a compound of formula (VII) whereinR₄ and R₅ are as defined in relation to a compound of formula (I) with acompound of formula (VIII) in a suitable solvent, such as DMF.Step I.2: A compound of formula (II) in which R₁, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are asdefined herein in relation to a compound of formula (I) or subformulaethereof may be obtained by reacting a compound of formula (V) wherein R₁is as defined herein in relation to a compound of formula (I) orsubformulae thereof in a suitable solvent such as DMF. A compound offormula (V) wherein R₁ is as defined herein in relation to a compound offormula (I) may be obtained by reacting a compound of formula (VI) witha compound being R₁—NH₂ wherein R₁ is as defined herein in relation to acompound of formula (I) either by neat reaction or in a suitable solventsuch as NMP.Step I.3: A compound of formula (I) or subformulae thereof in which R₁,R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are as defined herein may be obtained by reacting acompound of formula (II) wherein R₁, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are as defined hereinin relation to a compound of formula (I) or subformulae thereof with acompound of formula (III) wherein R₂ is as defined in relation to acompound of formula (I) or subformulae thereof in a suitable solventsuch as DMF.

The process steps are described in more details below:

Step II.1: A compound of formula (XV) wherein R₂ is as defined herein inrelation to a compound of formula (I) or subformulae thereof may beobtained by reaction of a compound of formula (XVII) wherein R₂ is asdefined herein in relation to a compound of formula (I) or subformulaethereof with ethanol in the presence of acetylchloride neat.Step II.2: A compound of formula (XIII) in which R₁ and R₂ are asdefined herein in relation to a compound of formula (I) or subformulaethereof may be obtained by reacting a compound of formula (XV) in whichR₂ is as defined herein in relation to a compound of formula (I) orsubformulae thereof with a compound of formula (XVI) wherein R₁ is asdefined herein in relation to a compound of formula (I) in a suitablesolvent such as acetonitrile.Step II.3: A compound of formula (XII) wherein R₁ and R₂ are as definedherein in relation to a compound of formula (I) or subformulae thereofmay be obtained by reacting a compound of formula (XIII) wherein R₁ andR₂ are as defined herein in relation to a compound of formula (I) orsubformulae thereof with a compound of formula (XIV) in a suitablesolvent such as methoxyethanol.Step II.4: A compound of formula (X) wherein R₁ and R₂ are as definedherein in relation to a compound of formula (I) or subformulae thereofmay be obtained by reacting a compound of formula (XII) wherein R₁ andR₂ are as defined herein in relation to a compound of formula (I) orsubformulae thereof with a reagent such as triflate anhydride in asuitable solvent such as DCM.Step II.5: A compound of formula (IX) wherein R₁, R₂, R₄ and R₅ are asdefined herein in relation to a compound of formula (I) may be obtainedby reacting a compound of formula (X) wherein R₁ and R₂ are as definedherein in relation to a compound of formula (I) or subformulae thereofwith a compound of formula (XI) wherein R₄ and R₅ are as defined hereinin relation to a compound of formula (I) in a suitable solvent such asdioxane.Step II.6: A compound of formula (I) or subformulae thereof in which R₁,R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₅ are as defined herein may be obtained by reacting acompound of formula (IX) wherein R₁, R₂, R₄ and R₅ are as defined hereinin relation to a compound of formula (I) or subformulae thereof with acompound of formula (VIII) wherein R₃ is as defined herein in relationto a compound of formula (I) or subformulae thereof and cyclisation in asuitable solvent such as polyphosphoric acid.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a process for thepreparation of a compound of formula (I), (Ia) or (Ib), in free form orin pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, comprising the steps of:

-   -   a) Reacting a compound of formula (II) with a compound of        formula (III) to give a compound of formula (I), (Ia) or (Ib)    -   b) Recovering the so obtainable compound of formula (I), (Ia) or        (Ib) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a process for thepreparation of a compound of formula (I), (Ia) or (Ib), in free form orin pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, comprising the steps of:

-   -   a) Reacting a compound of formula (IX) with a compound of        formula (VIII) and cyclizing to give a compound of formula (I),        (Ia) or (Ib),    -   b) Recovering the so obtainable compound of formula (I), (Ia) or        (Ib) in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form.

Furthermore, compounds of formula I or their precursors may beobtainable from compounds which are described in the Examples, e.g. byreduction, oxidation and/or other functionalization of resultingcompounds and/or by cleavage of any protecting group(s) optionallypresent, and of recovering the so obtainable compound of the formula Ior the intended precursor. The reactions can be effected according toconventional methods, for example as described in the Examples. Thework-up of the reaction mixtures and the purification of the compoundsthus obtainable may be carried out in accordance with known procedures.Acid addition salts may be produced from the free bases in known manner,and vice-versa. Starting materials, e.g. starting materials as describedin the Examples, may be known or prepared according to conventionalprocedures starting from known compounds.

The invention also contemplates that compounds of formula (I) may beformed by in vivo biotransformation from pro-drugs.

In another aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising a compound of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier. The pharmaceutical composition can be formulated for particularroutes of administration such as oral administration, parenteraladministration, and rectal administration, etc. In addition, thepharmaceutical compositions of the invention can be made up in a solidform including capsules, tablets, pills, granules, powders orsuppositories, or in a liquid form including solutions, suspensions oremulsions. The pharmaceutical compositions can be subjected toconventional pharmaceutical operations such as sterilization and/or cancontain conventional inert diluents, lubricating agents, or bufferingagents, as well as adjuvants, such as preservatives, stabilizers,wetting agents, emulsifers and buffers etc.

Typically, the pharmaceutical compositions are tablets and gelatincapsules comprising the active ingredient together with

-   -   a) diluents, e.g., lactose, dextrose, sucrose, mannitol,        sorbitol, cellulose and/or glycine;    -   b) lubricants, e.g., silica, talcum, stearic acid, its magnesium        or calcium salt and/or polyethyleneglycol; for tablets also    -   c) binders, e.g., magnesium aluminum silicate, starch paste,        gelatin, tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium        carboxymethylcellulose and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone; if desired    -   d) disintegrants, e.g., starches, agar, alginic acid or its        sodium salt, or effervescent mixtures; and/or    -   e) absorbents, colorants, flavors and sweeteners.

Tablets may be either film coated or enteric coated according to methodsknown in the art.

Suitable compositions for oral administration include an effectiveamount of a compound of the invention in the form of tablets, lozenges,aqueous or oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsion,hard or soft capsules, or syrups or elixirs. Compositions intended fororal use are prepared according to any method known in the art for themanufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions cancontain one or more agents selected from the group consisting ofsweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preservingagents in order to provide pharmaceutically elegant and palatablepreparations. Tablets contain the active ingredient in admixture withnontoxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients which are suitable forthe manufacture of tablets. These excipients are, for example, inertdiluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calciumphosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents,for example, corn starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, for example,starch, gelatin or acacia; and lubricating agents, for example magnesiumstearate, stearic acid or talc. The tablets are uncoated or coated byknown techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in thegastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over alonger period. For example, a time delay material such as glycerylmonostearate or glyceryl distearate can be employed. Formulations fororal use can be presented as hard gelatin capsules wherein the activeingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calciumcarbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsuleswherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, forexample, peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil.

Certain injectable compositions are aqueous isotonic solutions orsuspensions, and suppositories are advantageously prepared from fattyemulsions or suspensions. Said compositions may be sterilized and/orcontain adjuvants, such as preserving, stabilizing, wetting oremulsifying agents, solution promoters, salts for regulating the osmoticpressure and/or buffers. In addition, they may also contain othertherapeutically valuable substances. Said compositions are preparedaccording to conventional mixing, granulating or coating methods,respectively, and contain about 0.1-75%, or contain about 1-50%, of theactive ingredient.

Suitable compositions for transdermal application include an effectiveamount of a compound of the invention with carrier. Carriers includeabsorbable pharmacologically acceptable solvents to assist passagethrough the skin of the host. For example, transdermal devices are inthe form of a bandage comprising a backing member, a reservoircontaining the compound optionally with carriers, optionally a ratecontrolling barrier to deliver the compound of the skin of the host at acontrolled and predetermined rate over a prolonged period of time, andmeans to secure the device to the skin.

Suitable compositions for topical application, e.g., to the skin andeyes, include aqueous solutions, suspensions, ointments, creams, gels orsprayable formulations, e.g., for delivery by aerosol or the like. Suchtopical delivery systems will in particular be appropriate for dermalapplication, e.g., for the treatment of skin cancer, e.g., forprophylactic use in sun creams, lotions, sprays and the like. They arethus particularly suited for use in topical, including cosmetic,formulations well-known in the art. Such may contain solubilizers,stabilizers, tonicity enhancing agents, buffers and preservatives.

As used herein a topical application may also pertain to an inhalationor to an intranasal application. They are conveniently delivered in theform of a dry powder (either alone, as a mixture, for example a dryblend with lactose, or a mixed component particle, for example withphospholipids) from a dry powder inhaler or an aerosol spraypresentation from a pressurised container, pump, spray, atomizer ornebuliser, with or without the use of a suitable propellant.

The invention further provides anhydrous pharmaceutical compositions anddosage forms comprising the compounds of the invention as activeingredients, since water may facilitate the degradation of certaincompounds.

Anhydrous pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms of the inventioncan be prepared using anhydrous or low moisture containing ingredientsand low moisture or low humidity conditions. An anhydrous pharmaceuticalcomposition may be prepared and stored such that its anhydrous nature ismaintained. Accordingly, anhydrous compositions are preferably packagedusing materials known to prevent exposure to water such that they can beincluded in suitable formulary kits. Examples of suitable packaginginclude, but are not limited to, hermetically sealed foils, plastics,unit dose containers (e.g., vials), blister packs, and strip packs.

The invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions and dosageforms that comprise one or more agents that reduce the rate by which thecompound of the invention as an active ingredient will decompose. Suchagents, which are referred to herein as “stabilizers,” include, but arenot limited to, antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, pH buffers, or saltbuffers, etc.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” includesany and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, surfactants,antioxidants, preservatives (e.g., antibacterial agents, antifungalagents), isotonic agents, absorption delaying agents, salts,preservatives, drugs, drug stabilizers, binders, excipients,disintegration agents, lubricants, sweetening agents, flavoring agents,dyes, such like materials and combinations thereof, as would be known toone of ordinary skill in the art (see, for example, Remington'sPharmaceutical Sciences, 18th Ed. Mack Printing Company, 1990, pp.1289-1329). Except insofar as any conventional carrier is incompatiblewith the active ingredient, its use in the therapeutic or pharmaceuticalcompositions is contemplated.

The compounds of formula I or pharmaceutical acceptable salts thereofexhibit valuable pharmacological properties and are therefore useful aspharmaceuticals.

Furthermore, compounds of formula I may be useful for research ondiseases caused by nonsense mutations, e.g. as tool compounds.

In particular, compounds of formula I act as nonsense mutationsuppressors on frequent PTCs, e.g. on Y122X in the mRNA of the cysticfibrosis conductance regulator protein (CFTR). This can be determined invitro, for example, using cell lines expressing GFP-CFTR-Y122X-Renillaconstructs as described herein.

The compounds of the invention may be therefore useful in theprevention, treatment or delay of progression of diseases caused bynonsense mutations

The term “disease caused by nonsense mutation” is known in the field. Itrelates to a disease being present in patients carrying a nonsensemutation in a disease-relevant gene wherein the nonsense mutation causesa partial/total lack of protein which then causes the pathology of thedisease.

In one embodiment, the disease is selected from hemophilia A, hemophiliaB, cystic fibrosis, mucopolysaccharidosis I, Duchenne Muscle Dystrophy,Becker Muscle Dystrophy, loss of APC caused cancer and loss of p53caused cancer.

For the above-mentioned indications (the conditions and disorders) theappropriate dosage will vary depending upon, for example, the compoundemployed, the host, the mode of administration and the nature andseverity of the condition being treated. However, in general,satisfactory results in animals are indicated to be obtained at a dailydosage of from about 0.01 to about 100 mg/kg body weight, preferablyfrom about 0.1 to about 10 mg/kg body weight, e.g. 1 mg/kg. In largermammals, for example humans, an indicated daily dosage is in the rangefrom about 0.1 to about 1000 mg, preferably from about 1 to about 400mg, most preferably from about 10 to about 100 mg of the compound of theinvention conveniently administered, for example, in divided doses up tofour times a day.

For use according to the invention, a compound of the invention may beadministered as single active agent or in combination with other activeagents, in any usual manner, e.g. orally, for example in the form oftablets or capsules, or parenterally, for example in the form ofinjection solutions or suspensions. A combination comprising a compoundof the invention and another active agent will be referred to as“combination of the invention”.

A compound of the invention may be combined with a readthroughactivator, e.g. negamycin, RT13, RT14, ataluren or an aminoglycosidereadthrough activator, e.g. paromomycin, amikacin, G418, NB30, NB54 orNB84.

A compound of the invention may be combined with a nonsense-mediatedmRNA decay inhibitor, e.g. NMDI-1.

Negamycin, RT13, RT14, ataluren, aminoglycoside readthrough activatorsand NMDI-1 are described e.g. in Keeling et al, WIREs RNA, 2011, 2,837-852.

The compounds of the invention may be useful for the prevention ofdiseases caused by nonsense mutations.

The compounds of the invention may be useful for the treatment ofdiseases caused by nonsense mutations.

The compounds of the invention may be useful for the delay ofprogression of diseases caused by nonsense mutations.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of treating adisease caused by a nonsense mutation comprising administration of atherapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), (Ia) or(Ib) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In a furtherembodiment, the invention provides a method of treating a disease causedby a nonsense mutation comprising administration of a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a compound of formula (I), (Ia) or (Ib) or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the disease isselected from the afore-mentioned list, suitably hemophilia A,hemophilia B, cystic fibrosis and mucopolysaccharidosis I (Hurlersyndrome).

The term “a therapeutically effective amount” of a compound of theinvention refers to an amount of the compound of the invention that willelicit the biological or medical response of a subject, for example,ameliorate symptoms, alleviate conditions, slow or delay diseaseprogression, or prevent a disease, etc. In one non-limiting embodiment,the term “a therapeutically effective amount” refers to the amount ofthe compound of the invention that, when administered to a subject, iseffective to at least partially alleviating, inhibiting, preventingand/or ameliorating a disease caused by nonsense mutations. In anothernon-limiting embodiment, the term “a therapeutically effective amount”refers to the amount of the compound of the invention that, whenadministered to a cell, or a tissue, or a non-cellular biologicalmaterial, or a medium, is effective to at least partially suppress theeffect of nonsense mutations.

As used herein, the term “subject” refers to an animal. Preferably, theanimal is a mammal. A subject also refers to for example, primates(e.g., humans), cows, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, cats, rabbits, rats,mice, fish, birds and the like. In a preferred embodiment, the subjectis a human.

As used herein, the term “inhibition” or “inhibiting” refers to thereduction or suppression of a given condition, symptom, or disorder, ordisease, or a significant decrease in the baseline activity of abiological activity or process.

As used herein, the term “treating” or “treatment” of any disease ordisorder refers in one embodiment, to ameliorating the disease ordisorder (i.e., slowing or arresting or reducing the development of thedisease or at least one of the clinical symptoms thereof). In anotherembodiment “treating” or “treatment” refers to alleviating orameliorating at least one physical parameter including those which maynot be discernible by the patient. In yet another embodiment, “treating”or “treatment” refers to modulating the disease or disorder, eitherphysically, (e.g., stabilization of a discernible symptom),physiologically, (e.g., stabilization of a physical parameter), or both.In yet another embodiment, “treating” or “treatment” refers topreventing or delaying the onset or development or progression of thedisease or disorder.

The pharmaceutical composition or combination of the invention can be inunit dosage of about 1-1000 mg of active ingredient(s) for a subject ofabout 50-70 kg, or about 1-500 mg or about 1-250 mg or about 1-150 mg orabout 0.5-100 mg, or about 1-50 mg of active ingredients. Thetherapeutically effective dosage of a compound, the pharmaceuticalcomposition, or the combinations thereof, is dependent on the species ofthe subject, the body weight, age and individual condition, the disorderor disease or the severity thereof being treated. A physician, clinicianor veterinarian of ordinary skill can readily determine the effectiveamount of each of the active ingredients necessary to prevent, treat orinhibit the progress of the disorder or disease.

The above-cited dosage properties are demonstrable in vitro and in vivotests using advantageously mammals, e.g., mice, rats, dogs, monkeys orisolated organs, tissues and preparations thereof. The compounds of theinvention can be applied in vitro in the form of solutions, e.g.,preferably aqueous solutions, and in vivo either enterally,parenterally, advantageously intravenously, e.g., as a suspension or inaqueous solution. The dosage in vitro may range between about 10⁻³ molarand 10⁻⁹ molar concentrations. A therapeutically effective amount invivo may range depending on the route of administration, between about0.1-500 mg/kg, or between about 1-100 mg/kg.

The activity of a compound of the invention can be assessed by in vitro& in vivo methods described herein.

The compound of the invention may be administered either simultaneouslywith, or before or after, at least one other therapeutic agent. Thecompound of the invention may be administered separately, by the same ordifferent route of administration, or together in the samepharmaceutical composition.

The following Examples illustrate the invention, but do not limit it.

Experimental Part Abbreviations

-   NMP 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one-   HOAt 3H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-3-ol-   HATU    2-(3H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-3-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisouronium    hexafluorophosphate(V)-   DMF dimetylformamide-   DCM dichloromethane-   ACN acetonitrile-   TFA trifluoroacetic acid-   TBME t-Butylmethylether-   THF tetrahydrofurane-   r.t. room temperature-   SFC supercritical fluid chromatography-   RP reverse phase-   HPLC high pressure liquid chromatography-   DIEA N,N-Diisopropylethylamine-   rac-BINAP 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl racemate-   dba dibenzylideneacetone

LC-MS Method:

Waters Acquity UPLC-SQD system; mobile phase: A: water (0.05% formicacid) B: methanol (0.04% formic acid); gradient: from 2% B to 8% B in0.1 min, from 8% B to 98% B in 0.5 min, 98% B for 0.1 min; flow rate 1mL/min; column Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18, 30×2.1 mm, 1.7 mM; oventemperature 60° C.

NMR Device:

Bruker Avance 400 MHz Ultrashield and Avance 600 MHz

EXAMPLES Example 1.1:2-Isopropropyl-10-methyl-3-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyrimidor[4,5-b]quinoline-4,5(3H,10H)-dione

a) 1H-Thieno[3,2-d][1,3]oxazine-2,4-dione

Under argon 736 mg 3-aminothiophene-2-carboxylic acid (2.57 mmol) weresuspended in 15 mL dioxane, heated to 70° C. and 305 mg triphosgene(1.03 mmol) added in small portions over 20 minutes. The brown solutionwas stirred for another 40 minutes, cooled to r.t. and evaporated. Theresulting residue was dissolved in 4 mL DCM/methanol (3:1, v/v) andpurified by liquid chromatography over silica gel with TBME/heptane aseluents. Target fractions were combined and evaporated to yield 176 mg1H-thieno[3,2-d][1,3]oxazine-2,4-dione (0.88 mmol, 34%) as a yellowsolid.

ESI-MS [M+H]⁺ 170.1

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, D₆-DMSO): δ (ppm)=12.24 (s, 1H), 8.25 (d, 1H, J=5.2Hz), 6.95 (d, 1H, J=5.2 Hz).

b) 1-Methyl-1H-thieno[3,2-d][1,3]oxazine-2,4-dione

Under argon 18 mg sodium hydride (0.45 mmol, 60% in mineral oil) in 1 mLDMF were cooled to 0° C. and a suspension of 106 mg1H-thieno[3,2-d][1,3]oxazine-2,4-dione (0.375 mmol) in 1 mL DMF wasslowly added to reach r.t. and stirred for 15 minutes. 11 uL methyliodide (0.174 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 30minutes. To the reaction mixture 10 mL aqueous citric acid (10%, w/v)were added to reach pH 3 followed by addition of 12 mL DCM. The organicphases were washed with 10% aqueous citric acid and water and theaqueous phases were extracted with DCM, organic phases were pooled,dried, evaporated, and purified by liquid chromatography over silica gelwith heptan and ethyl acetate as eluent. Target fractions were combinedand evaporated to yield 47 mg1-methyl-1H-thieno[3,2-d][1,3]oxazine-2,4-dione (0.26 mmol, 69%) as abrown solid.

ESI-MS [M+H]⁺ 184.1

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, D₆-DMSO): δ (ppm)=8.35 (d, 1H, J=5.3 Hz), 7.36 (d, 1H,J=5.3 Hz), 3.47 (s, 3H).

c)5-amino-4-methyl-7-oxo-N-phenyl-4,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-b]pyridine-6-carboxamide

Under argon 46 mg sodium hydride (1.15 mmol, 60% in mineral oil) in 2 mLDMF were cooled to 0° C. and 94 mg 2-cyano-N-phenylacetamide (0.58 mmol)were added in small portions within 15 minutes. the resulting solutionwas stirred for another 30 minutes at r.t., then cooled to 0° C. and 97mg 1-methyl-1H-thieno[3,2-d][1,3]oxazine-2,4-dione (0.52 mmol) wereadded in portions within 5 minutes and the mixture was stirred for 60minutes. To this solution 0.58 mL aqueous hydrochloric acid (1.15 mmol)were added and the resulting yellow suspension was stirred for 10minutes. The mixture was poured on icecold potassium bicarbonatesolution (10%, w/v), stirred for 30 minutes, filtered and the solidwashed with water, diethylether/pentane (3:2, v/v), pentane and dried toyield 68 mg5-amino-4-methyl-7-oxo-N-phenyl-4,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-b]pyridine-6-carboxamide(0.21 mmol, 40%) as a yellow solid.

ESI-MS [M+H]⁺ 300.2

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, D₆-DMSO): δ (ppm)=7.97-7.80 (m, 1H), 7.61-7.49 (m, 2H),7.43-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.17-7.07 (m, 1H), 6.94-6.81 (m, 1H), 3.03-2.91 (m,3H).

d)2-isopropyl-9-methyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione

To a suspension of 67 mg5-amino-4-methyl-7-oxo-N-phenyl-4,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-b]pyridine-6-carboxamide(0.21 mmol) in 0.6 mL isobutyric acid (6.3 mmol) 0.11 mL isobutyric acidanhydride (0.63 mmol) and 0.062 mL propane phosphonic acid anhydridesolution (50% in DMF, 0.11 mmol) were added subsequently and heated to150° C. for 2 hours. Another 0.035 mL isobutyric acid anhydride (0.21mmol) was added and heated for another 2 hours. The dark brown solutionwas cooled to 70° C., 0.4 mL methanol added, stirred for 15 minutes andcooled to r.t. The mixture was extracted with 12 mL DCM and 10 mL 2Maqueous sodium carbonate, organic phases were washed with water, aqueousphases were extracted with DCM, organic phases dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered, and evaporated. The resulting solid was suspended in1.4 mL methanol at 75° C., cooled to 0° C. and the solid was filtered,washed twice with small portions of ice cold methanol and dried. Thissolid was purified by supercritical fluid chromatography with carbondioxide modified by methanol on Reprosil DiAmino 100A 5 uM material. Themother liquid was evaporated and purified by RP-HPLC (C18, water/ACNwith 0.1% TFA)

Target fractions were pooled and evaporated to yield 5 mg (from ML) and15 mg (from precipitate)2-isopropyl-9-methyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione(0.057 mmol, 27%) as a white solid.

ESI-MS [M+H]⁺ 352.0

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, D₆-DMSO): δ (ppm)=8.16 (d, 1H, J=5.4 Hz), 7.64-7.51 (m,4H), 7.47-7.42 (m, 2H), 4.05 (s, 3H), 2.56 (sept, 1H, J=6.8 Hz), 1.18(d, 6H, J=6.6 Hz).

Example 2.1:2-cyclobutyl-7-methyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione

a) Ethyl Cyclobutanecarbimidate

Under argon 69 mL acetylchloride (967 mmol) were added to a solution of11.5 mL cyclobutanecarbonitrile (121 mmol) in 85 mL ethanol within 35minutes, keeping the temperature below 32° C. by external cooling. Thesolution was stirred for 21 hours, evaporated, three times ethylacetateadded and evaporated and dried. The resulting 19.5 g white solid wasthoroughly mixed with 33 mL aqueous potassium carbonate solution (50%,w/v) for 10 minutes. To this suspension 500 mL DCM was added understirring followed by 130 g sodiumsulfate and stirring was continueduntil all water was absorbed. The mixture was filtered and the filtratewas dried with another portion of sodium sulfate, filtered, andevaporated to yield 14 g ethyl cyclobutane-carbimidate (110 mmol, 88%)as a clear oil.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ(ppm)=4.12 (q, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 3.15-2.99 (m,1H), 2.32-2.02 (m, 4H), 2.03-1.74 (m, 2H), 1.29 (t, 3H, J=7.1 Hz).

b) N-phenylcyclobutanecarboximidamide

To a solution of 14 g ethyl cyclobutanecarbimidate (110 mmol) in 140 mLACN 6.3 mL acetic acid (110 mmol) and 7 mL aniline (77 mmol) were addedand stirred for 16 h. The suspension was filtered, the solid washed withdiethylether, dissolved in 100 mL 1M aqueous sodium carbonate andextracted with 100 mL TMBE. The aqueous phase was twice extracted withTBME and the combined organic phases were washed with 1M aqueous sodiumcarbonate and water. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate,filtered, and evaporated to yield 9.1 gN-phenylcyclobutanecarboximidamide (52 mmol, 68%) as a yellow oil thatslowly crystallized.

ESI-MS [M+H]⁺ 175.1

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, D₆-DMSO): δ (ppm)=7.24 (t, 2H, J=7.7 Hz), 6.91 (t, 1H,J=7.4 Hz), 6.81-6.53 (m, 2H), 6.15-5.10 (m, 2H), 3.06 (quint, 1H, J=8.6Hz), 2.37-2.03 (m, 4H), 1.96-1.68 (m, 2H).

c) 2-cyclobutyl-6-hydroxy-3-phenylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one

To 85 mL 2-methoxyethanol under argon 2.64 g blank sodium metal wasadded in small portions within 30 minutes. After one hour 7.4 mLdimethyl malonate (62 mmol) were added at 30° C. and stirred for 15minutes. A solution of 9 g N-phenylcyclobutanecarboximidamide (52 mmol)in 20 mL 2-methoxyethanol (dissolved at 50° C., then cooled to r.t.) wasadded and the mixture at r.t. and the resulting solution was heated toreflux for 67 hours. The mixture was cooled to r.t. and 57 mL 2M aqueoushydrochloric acid was slowly added to reach pH 6. The organic solventwas largely evaporated and the resulting suspension was diluted with 100mL water and extracted with 100 mL DCM. The aqueous phase was twiceextracted with DCM, organic phases were washed twice with 50 mL water,combined and dried over sodium sulfate. Charcoal (1 g) was added,stirred, filtered through Hyflo and the resulting solution wasevaporated to yield a thick suspension. To this mixture 50 mL ethylacetate was added and thoroughly stirred, filtered, the solid washedwith diethylether/ethyl acetate (3:1, v/v) and diethylether and driedunder reduced pressure at 60° C. to yield 4.4 g2-cyclobutyl-6-hydroxy-3-phenylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one (18 mmol, 35%).

ESI-MS [M+H]⁺ 243.1

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, D₆-DMSO): δ (ppm)=11.36 (s, 1H), 7.56-7.43 (m, 3H),7.29-7.21 (m, 2H), 5.43 (s, 1H), 3.21-3.07 (m, 1H), 2.38-2.23 (m, 2H),1.75-1.56 (m, 4H).

d) 2-cyclobutyl-6-oxo-1-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-4-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate

To 4 g 2-cyclobutyl-6-hydroxy-3-phenylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one (16 mmol) in70 mL DCM 2.36 mL pyridine (29 mmol) was added at −25° C. followed bythe addition of 3.5 mL trifluoromethane-sulfonic anhydride (20 mmol) in6 mL DCM. The solution was stirred for 1.5 hours, three times extractedwith 50 mL water and the aqueous phases twice extracted with DCM andcombined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate The solution wasfiltered, the filtrate concentrated under reduces pressure and purifiedby liquid chromatography over silica gel with DCM as eluent. Targetfractions were combined and evaporated to yield 4.8 g2-cyclobutyl-6-oxo-1-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-4-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate (13 mmol, 80%).

ESI-MS [M+H]⁺ 375.0

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, D₆-DMSO): δ (ppm)=7.65-7.47 (m, 3H), 7.47-7.35 (m, 2H),6.63 (s, 1H), 3.30-3.18 (m, 1H), 2.37-2.21 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.58 (m, 4H).

e) Methyl2-((2-cyclobutyl-6-oxo-1-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-5-methylthiophene3-carboxylate

Under argon 620 mg 2-cyclobutyl-6-oxo-1-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-4-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate (1.66 mmol) and 340 mg methyl2-amino-5-methylthiophene-3-carboxylate (2 mmol) were suspended in 6 mLdioxane and subsequently 0.057 mL DIEA (3.3 mmol), 82 mg rac-BINAP (0.13mmol), and Pd₂(dba)₃ (0.07 mmol) were added and the mixture was heatedto 104° C. for 2.5 hours in a sealed vial. The reaction mixture wasdiluted with 50 mL TBME, washed three times with 40 mL water, aqueousphases extracted with TBME, combined organic phases dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered and evaporated. The remaining oil was purified byliquid chromatography over silica gel with DCM as eluent. Targetfractions were combined and evaporated to yield 582 mg methyl2-((2-cyclobutyl-6-oxo-1-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-5-methylthiophene-3-carboxylate(1.5 mmol, 89%).

ESI-MS [M+H]⁺ 396.2

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ (ppm)=10.61 (s, 1H), 7.57-7.47 (m, 3H),7.22-7.16 (m, 2H), 6.86 (q, 1H, J=1.2), 5.84 (s, 1H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.25(quint, 1H, J=8.6 Hz), 2.66-2.54 (m, 2H), 2.40 (d, 3H, J=1.2 Hz),1.96-1.83 (m, 4H).

f)2-cyclobutyl-7-methyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione

To 718 mg methyl2-((2-cyclobutyl-6-oxo-1-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-5-methylthiophene-3-carboxylate(1.82 mmol) 12.2 g polyphosphoric acid was added and the mixture washeated to 130° C. for 1.75 hours. The solution was cooled to r.t.,diluted with 130 mL water and 10 mL ethylacetate and neutralized byaddition of 82 g solid potassium bicarbonate to reach pH 7-8. 40 mLethyl acetate was added, the aqueous phase extracted with ethyl acetateand the organic phases washed with aqueous sodium chloride solution. Thecombined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered andevaporated to yield a foamy oil. 3 mL diethylether was added and theresulting suspension was stirred for 0.5 hours, filtered, washed withdiethylether and pentane, and dried to yield 612 mg2-cyclobutyl-7-methyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione(1.68 mmol, 93%) as an off-white solid.

ESI-MS [M+H]⁺ 364.1

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ (ppm)=12.60 (s, 1H), 7.66-7.56 (m, 3H),7.29-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.16 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 3.31 (quint, 1H, J=8.4 Hz),2.71-2.57 (m, 5H), 1.97-1.78 (m, 4H).

Example 2.2:9-(2-aminoethyl)-2-cyclobutyl-7-methyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione

a) tert-butyl(2-(2-cyclobutyl-7-methyl-4,5-dioxo-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydrothieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-9(5H)-yl)ethyl)carbamate

A suspension of 363 mg2-cyclobutyl-7-methyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione(1 mmol), 1.1 g potassium carbonate (8 mmol), 664 mg potassium iodide (4mmol) and 448 mg tert-butyl (2-bromoethyl)carbamate (2 mmol) in 18 mLacetone was heated to 62° C. for 21 hours. 336 mg tert-butyl(2-bromoethyl)carbamate (1.5 mmol) was added and heated for another 20hours. The mixture was diluted with 72 mL ethyl acetate, filtered, andevaporated. The residue was purified by supercritical fluidchromatography with carbon dioxide modified by methanol on ReprosilDiAmino 100A 5 uM material. Target fractions were combined andevaporated to yield 271 mg tert-butyl(2-(2-cyclobutyl-7-methyl-4,5-dioxo-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydrothieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-9(5H)-yl)ethyl)carbamate(0.54 mmol, 54%) as an off-white solid.

ESI-MS [M+H]⁺ 507.1

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ (ppm)=7.56-7.49 (m, 3H), 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.18(dd, 2H, J=7.5, 2.1 Hz), 5.00 (s, 1H), 4.62 (t, 2H, J=5.7 Hz), 3.74 (q,2H, J=5.9 Hz), 3.25 (quint, 1H, J=8.5 Hz), 2.51 (s, 3H), 2.48-2.38 (m,2H), 1.98-1.81 (m, 4H), 1.44 (s, 9H).

b)9-(2-aminoethyl)-2-cyclobutyl-7-methyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dionehydrochloride salt

To 90 mg tert-butyl(2-(2-cyclobutyl-7-methyl-4,5-dioxo-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydrothieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-9(5H)-yl)ethyl)carbamate(0.18 mmol) 4.4 mL 4M hydrochloric acid in dioxan was added and stirredfor 1.5 hours. The suspension was diluted with 5 mL diethylether,filtered, the solid washed with diethylether and dried to yield 73 mg9-(2-aminoethyl)-2-cyclobutyl-7-methyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dionehydrochloride salt (0.17 mmol, 96%) as a white solid.

ESI-MS [M+H]⁺ 407.2

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, d₆-DMSO): δ (ppm)=8.35 (m, 3H), 7.61-7.50 (m, 3H),7.31-7.26 (m, 2H), 7.12 (d, 1H, J=1.5 Hz), 4.72 (t, 2H, J=6.8 Hz),3.37-3.32 (m, 2H), 3.20 (quint, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 2.53 (d, 1H, J=1.3 Hz),2.49-2.36 (m, 2H), 1.81-1.70 (m, 4H).

Example 3.1:2-isopropyl-3-phenyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3H-cyclohepta[5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(6H,11H)-dione

The compound was prepared according to the procedures given in example2.1 using methyl 2-aminocyclohept-1-enecarboxylate in step e). Theesterenamine was prepared according to US 2004/0242889A1 starting frommethyl 2-oxocycloheptanecarboxylate.

ESI-MS [M+H]⁺ 350.1

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ (ppm)=11.95 (s, 1H), 7.57-7.43 (m, 3H),7.23-7.19 (m, 2H), 3.14-3.08 (m, 2H), 2.87-2.79 (m, 2H), 2.64 (sept, 1H,J=6.7 Hz), 1.87-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.64 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.53 (m, 2H), 1.20(d, 6H, J=6.8 Hz).

Example 3.2:2-isopropyl-11-methyl-3-phenyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3H-cyclohepta[5,6]-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(6H,11H)-dione

The compound was prepared from2-isopropyl-3-phenyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3H-cyclohepta[5,6]-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(6H,11H)-dioneaccording to the procedures given in example 1.1 b).

ESI-MS [M+H]⁺ 364.1

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ (ppm)=7.56-7.47 (m, 3H), 7.23-7.18 (m, 2H),3.94 (s, 3H), 3.04-2.99 (m, 2H), 2.96-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.66 (sept, 1H,J=6.6 Hz), 1.93-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.68 (m, 2H), 1.63-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.20(s, 6H, J=6.8 Hz).

Examples (Ex) 1.1-1.2, 2.1-2.22, and 3.1-3.12 were synthesized accordingto/in analogy to Examples 1.1, 2.1 and 3.1 above. Example 2.17 wassynthesized by the use of methyl 3-amino-5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylatein step 2.1e), which was prepared from methyl3-acetamidothiophene-2-carboxylate by reaction with sulfurylchloride/chloroform and subsequent deprotection with methanesulfonicacid/methanol according to standard procedures. Example 2.18 wassynthesized by the use of methyl 2-amino-5-chlorothiophene-3-carboxylatein step 2.1e), which was prepared from methyl2-aminothiophene-3-carboxylate by reaction with N-chlorosuccinimide/THFaccording standard procedures.

LCMS Rt [min], Ex Structure Name meth. A [M + H]⁺ 1.1

2-isopropyl-9-methyl-3- phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.60 352.0 1.2

2-isopropyl-7,9-dimethyl-3- phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.64 366.0 2.1

2-cyclobutyl-7-methyl-3- phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.67 364.1 2.2

9-(2-aminoethyl)-2-cyclobutyl- 7-methyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2, 3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.48407.1 2.3

2-isopropyl-7,9-dimethyl-3- phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.62 366.1 2.4

2-isopropyl-7,9-dimethyl-3- phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.62 352.1 2.5

2-isopropyl-3- phenylthieno[3′,4′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.60 338.1 2.6

2-isopropyl-3- phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.63 338.0 2.7

2-isopropyl-3- phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.58 338.0 2.8

2-isopropyl-7-methyl-3- phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.59 352.1 2.9

2-cyclobutyl-7,9-dimethyl-3- phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.66 378.1 2.10

2-cyclobutyl-9-methyl-3- phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.64 364.1 2.11

2-cyclobutyl-9-methyl-3- phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.61 364.1 2.12

2-cyclobutyl-7,9-dimethyl-3- phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.62 378.1 2.13

2-cyclobutyl-7-ethyl-9-methyl- 3- phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.66 392.1 2.14

2-cyclobutyl-6,9-dimethyl-3- phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.64 378.1 2.15

2-cyclobutyl-8,9-dimethyl-3- phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.63 378.1 2.16

2-cyclobutyl-8,9-dimethyl-3- phenylthieno[3′,4′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.64 378.1 2.17

7-chloro-2-cyclobutyl-9-methyl- 3- phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.64 398.1 2.18

7-chloro-2-cyclobutyl-9-methyl- 3- phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.64 398.1 2.19

7-chloro-2-isopropyl-9-methyl- 3- phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H)9H)- dione 0.64 386.2 2.20

7-chloro-2-isopropyl-9-methyl- 3- phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.65 386.0 2.21

2-isopropyl-8-methyl-3- phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.62 352.0 2.22

2-isopropyl-8,9-dimethyl-3- phenylthieno[2′3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)- dione 0.60 366.0 3.1

2-isopropyl-3-phenyl-7,8,9,10- tetrahydro-3H- cyclohepta[5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(6H,11H)- dione 0.62 350.1 3.2

2-isopropyl-11-methyl-3- phenyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3H-cyclohepta[5,6]pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidine-4,5(6H,11H)- dione 0.61 364.13.3

2-isopropyl-3-phenyl-7,8- dihydro-3H- cyclopenta[5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(6H,9H)-dione 0.59 322.1 3.4

2-isopropyl-9-methyl-3-phenyl- 7,8-dihydro-3H-cyclopenta[5,6]pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidine-4,5(6H,9H)-dione 0.59 336.1 3.5

2-isopropyl-6,7-dimethyl-3- phenylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,8H)-dione 0.58 310.2 3.6

2-isopropyl-8-methyl-3-phenyl- 6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,5(3H,10H)-dione 0.68 349.8 3.7

2-isopropyl-6,7,8-trimethyl-3- phenylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,8H)-dione 0.61 324.3 3.8

2-isopropyl-7-methyl-3-phenyl- 6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,5(3H,10H)-dione 0.63 350.3 3.9

2-isopropyl-8,10-dimethyl-3- phenyl-6,7,8,9- tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,5(3H,10H)-dione 0.64 364.2 3.10

2-isopropyl-7,10-dimethyl-3- phenyl-6,7,8,9- tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,5(3H,10H)-dione 0.64 364.2 3.11

2-isopropyl-10-methyl-3- phenyl-6,7,8,9- tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,5(3H,10H)-dione 0.62 350.2 3.12

2-cyclobutyl-6,7-dimethyl-3- phenylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,8H)-dione 0.61 322.4 3.13

2-cyclobutyl-6,7,8-trimethyl-3- phenylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,8H)-dione 0.59 336.2

Biological Testing 1.1 In-vitro Testing: CFTR-Y122X Assay

Activity of compounds of the present invention was examined inrecombinant, dual reporter isogenic Hek293 cell lines (“CFTR-Y122Xassay”). The engineered reporter constructs contained the 18 bp sequencestretch corresponding to a common Y122X PTC mutation in CFTR class Imutant patients (see Sermet-Gaudelus, BMC Medicine, 2007, 5(5)). Insteadof a tyrosine (Y) in position 122 of the CFTR protein a TGA stop codoninterrupts the open reading frame (Y122X) of the corresponding mRNA.This TGA stop codon triplet (followed by the pyrimidine base cytosine)is permissive to aminoglycoside mediated translational readthrough whichserved as positive control for high throughput screening. Acorresponding TAA stop codon variant and a wildtype non mutatedconstruct was used for confirmation and counter screening. The CFTRsequence was sandwiched between an eGFP reporter, and a triple myc tagsequence fused to a full length Renilla reporter. All sequences,including an intron containing one positioned pre-eGFP (b-globin intron)were cloned in frame. The corresponding expression constructs werestably expressed in the isogenic HEK-R4 cell host (Invitrogen Incorp.)and selected by blasticidin resistance. The isogenic integration of theconstruct minimizes gene dose effects and improves assayreproducibility. Stably integrated single cell derived clones wereselected and characterized for aminoglycoside mediated readthrough. Aclone with optimal growth characteristics and strong response (EC₅₀ of1.5 mM) to paromomycin was pursued for HTS assay development.Readthrough of Y122X accumulates an intracellular localized fusionprotein approximately 65.5 kDa in size as controlled by western blotanalysis and immunofluorescence using an anti-renilla antibody. The eGFPreporter pre-PTC mutation serves as visual control for genetic stabilityof the screening clones and minimizes protein degradation of smallfusion protein amounts. In the assay, compound concentration was 10 μM.In miniaturized 1536 well format 2000 cells were dispensed in 4 μl/welland incubated for 24 h at 37° C., 5% CO₂. 40 nl compounds were placed onthe cells with control wells containing 1 ul Paramomycin and 14.4 mMfinal concentration. Compounds were incubated for 24 h. Renilla Glosubstrate (2.5 ul) was added and plates were centrifuged and processedfor luminescence measurement using various readers. Activity calculationwas done using the equation: A1(%)=100*(S−NC)/(AC−NC) where AC, NC and Scorrespond to active controls (injection of Stimulation buffer=100%stimulation), neutral controls (buffer injection which Iloprost EC10)and screening samples (S). NC corresponds to 0% activity whereas AC is100% activity (14 mM paromomycin). False positive artifacts were removedin confirmation and validation screening using the same assay formatfollowed by counterscreening using the respective wildtype construct(w/o PTC mutation) cell model. Compounds were tested up to 100 μMcompound concentration.

Table 2: In-Vitro Activity in CFTR-Y122X Assay:

Table 2 represents AC₅₀ values for nonsense mutation suppression in theCFTR-Y122X assay. A_(max) AC₅₀ Ex [%] [μM] 1.1 247 2.2 1.2 249 13 2.1211 12 2.2 343 4.3 2.3 169 14 2.4 299 11 2.5 113 23 2.6 97 16 2.7 3326.9 2.8 225 7.9 2.9 207 2.2 2.10 393 2.0 2.11 157 2.0 2.12 133 3.0 2.13118 6.1 2.14 114 13 2.15 188 2.6 2.16 199 4.6 2.17 151 4.0 2.18 154 3.32.19 104 15 2.20 70 19 2.21 180 14 2.22 166 16 3.1 190 13 3.2 213 11 3.3112 21 3.4 40 18 3.5 114 17 3.6 46 27 3.7 61 22 3.8 219 12 3.9 11 113.10 237 12 3.11 137 22 3.12 505 4.9 3.13 297 9.2

The following compound of formula (I) was tested in the above describedCFTR-Y122X assay at the above dose ranges; suppression reaching onlyless than 5% of paromomycin reference activity was seen:

-   (2-(ethylthio)-3-phenyl-5a,6,7,8,8a,9-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5-dione).

In an embodiment, the compound of formula (I) is not

-   2-(ethylthio)-3-phenyl-5a,6,7,8,8a,9-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5-dione).

Table 2 above shows that the compounds of the invention show activity ina functional assay indicating they promote translational readthrough.

In-Vitro Testing: Hurler Patient Derived Fibroblast Cell Cultures

Activity of compounds of the present invention was examined in patientderived fibroblast cells. The genotyped cells were derived from theCoriell Institute (# GM00798) and contain an in frame homozygous TGG toTAG change at nucleotide 1293 of exon 9 which results in a W402Xmutation. The W402X mutation is one of the most common Hurler syndromescausing loss of function mutation. Between 60-70% of genotyped patientscontain either the Q70X and/or the W402X in mutation and are classifiedas severe MPSI patients. This TAG stop codon triplet is permissive toaminoglycoside mediated translational readthrough which served asactivity control for compound testing. Readthrough of W402X restoresalpha-L-Iduronidase activity which results in removal of lysosomalaccumulated Glycosaminoglycan's. Iduronidase expression could neither bedetected by Taqman PCR© nor by enzyme activity or ELISA methods withoutcompound stimulation. Compounds were tested in concentration responsemode. Therefore 5000 patient cells/40 ul/well in 384 well plates wereused. Compound dilutions were derived from freshly prepared 10 mMcompound stock solutions. Highest concentration was 20 uM andsubsequently diluted 1: 3.16 (8 point dilutions, n=4). Final DMSOconcentration was below 0.5% and tested to be without effect on cellviability, growth and readthrough. Cells were incubated for 8 days withone cell media and compound exchange at day 3. Thereafter cell media wasremoved and cells were lysed (0.4 M Sodiumformate, 0.1% NaN3, 0.9% NaCl,0.2% Triton, pH 3.5). Restored alpha-L-iduronidase activity in celllysates was measured with the fluorescent 4-MU iduronide substrate (5 ulof 0.4 mM 4 Methylumbelliferyl alpha-L-iduronide/well) after 48 hincubation. Paromomycin was used as reference control (14 mM=100%control). The results are shown in Table 3 below and suggest that thecompounds could be used in the treatment of Hurler syndrome.

TABLE 3 A_(max) AC₅₀ Ex [%] [μM] 1.1 25 12 1.2 59 17 2.1 42 12 2.2 1626.9 2.3 39 — 2.4 13 — 2.5 16 1.1 2.6 6 — 2.7 51 10 2.8 65 10 2.9 96 3.72.10 167 5.5 2.11 152 4.5 2.12 138 9.0 2.13 66 16 2.14 10 — 2.15 115 5.72.16 150 12.3 2.17 128 10 2.18 200 11 2.19 16 — 2.20 7 — 2.21 25 — 2.228 — 3.1 9 1.4 3.2 83 12 3.3 8 — 3.4 8 1.4 3.5 9 — 3.6 10 — 3.7 14 — 3.812 1.3 3.9 15 — 3.10 6 — 3.11 17 — 3.12 183 12 3.13 34 —

1. A compound of formula (I) in free form or in pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt form which is

wherein R₁ is a five- to seven-membered monocyclic saturated orunsaturated non-aromatic ring system, wherein said ring system maycontain from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen andsulfur, and wherein said ring system may be substituted once or morethan once by R₆; and R₂ is C₂₋₆alkyl which may be substituted once ormore than once by R₇; or R₂ is —X₁—R₈; —X₁— is —O—, —S— or —N(R₉)—; R₉is hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; and R₈ is C₁₋₆alkyl which may be substitutedonce or more than once by R₁₀; or R₂ is a three- to seven-memberedmonocyclic aromatic, saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic ring system,wherein said ring system may contain from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selectedfrom nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and wherein said ring system may besubstituted once or more than once by R₁₁; or R₁ is

wherein the phenyl ring is attached via the bond marked with anasterisk; each R₁₂ independently is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, amino,cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄halogenalkyl, C₁₋₄hydroxyalkyl,C₁₋₄alkoxy-C₁₋₄alkyl, amino-C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkyl-amino-C₁₋₄ alkyl,di(C₁₋₄alkyl)-amino-C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, C₁₋₄halogenalkoxy,C₁₋₄alkylamino or di(C₁₋₄ alkyl)amino; or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, wherein onecarbon atom may be replaced by an oxygen atom, wherein theC₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be attached directly or via a C₁₋₂alkylene, andwherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be substituted once or more than once byhalogen; and R₂ is C₂₋₇alkyl which may be substituted once or more thanonce by R₁₃; or R₂ is —X₂—R₁₄; —X₂— is —O—, —S— or —N(R₁₅)—; R₁₅ ishydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; and R₁₄ is C₁₋₆alkyl which may be substitutedonce or more than once by R₁₆; or R₂ is a three- to seven-memberedmonocyclic saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic ring system, whereinsaid ring system may contain from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected fromnitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and wherein said ring system may besubstituted once or more than once by R₁₇; R₃ is hydrogen or —CH₂R₁₈;R₁₈ is hydrogen, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₂₋₆alkenyl, C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,C₁₋₃alkoxyC₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, or aminoC₁₋₃alkyl; R₄ and R₅together with the bond to which they are attached form a ring which isselected from a 5- to 7-membered monocyclic non-aromatic carbocyclicring which may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₉; or athiophene ring, which may be substituted once by R₂₀ or R₄ and R₅ areindependently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₃alkyl; R₆, R₁₁, and R₁₇ eachindependently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkyl,C₁₋₄halogenalkyl, C₁₋₄hydroxyalkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy-C₁₋₄alkyl,amino-C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkyl-amino-C₁₋₄alkyl,di(C₁₋₄alkyl)-amino-C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, C₁₋₄halogenalkoxy,C₁₋₄alkylamino or di(C₁₋₄ alkyl)amino; or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, wherein onecarbon atom may be replaced by an oxygen atom, wherein theC₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be attached directly or via a C₁₋₂alkylene, andwherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be substituted once or more than once byhalogen; or two R₆, R₁₁ or R₁₇ at the same ring atom together are oxo;or two R₆, R₁₁ or R₁₇ at the same ring carbon atom together with saidcarbon atom form a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl; R₇, R₁₀, R₁₃ and R₁₆ eachindependently is halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro, C₁₋₄alkoxy,C₁₋₄halogenalkoxy, C₁₋₄alkylamino or di(C₁₋₄alkyl)amino; orC₃₋₆cycloalkyl, wherein one carbon atom may be replaced by an oxygenatom, wherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be attached directly or via aC₁₋₂alkylene, and wherein the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl may be substituted once ormore than once by halogen; or two R₇, R₁₀, R₁₃ or R₁₆ at the same carbonatom together are oxo; or two R₇, R₁₀, R₁₃ or R₁₆ at the same carbonatom together with said carbon atom form a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl; R₁₉ and R₂₀are independently selected from halogen, C₁-C₃alkyl.
 2. A compound offormula (Ia) according to claim 1 in free form or in pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt form

wherein R₂ is C₂₋₇alkyl which may be substituted once or more than onceby R₁₃; or R₂ is a three- to seven-membered monocyclic saturated orunsaturated non-aromatic ring system, wherein said ring system maycontain from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen andsulfur, and wherein said ring system may be substituted once or morethan once by R₁₇; R₃ is hydrogen or —CH₂R₁₈; R₁₈ is hydrogen; R₄ and R₅together with the bond to which they are attached form a ring which isselected from 5- to 7-membered monocyclic non-aromatic carbocyclic ringwhich may be substituted once or more than once by R₁₉; or a thiophenering, which may be substituted once by R₂₀.
 3. A compound of formula(Ib) according to claim 1 in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptablesalt form

wherein R₂ is C₂₋₇alkyl which may be substituted once or more than onceby R₁₃; or R₂ is a three- to seven-membered monocyclic saturated orunsaturated non-aromatic ring system, wherein said ring system maycontain from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen andsulfur, and wherein said ring system may be substituted once or morethan once by R₁₇; R₃ is hydrogen or —CH₂R₁₈; R₁₈ is hydrogen; R₄ and R₅are independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₃alkyl.
 4. A compoundaccording to claim 1 in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable saltform wherein R₂ is C₂-C₃alkyl or R₂ is a four- to six-memberedmonocyclic saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic ring system whereinsaid ring system may contain from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected fromnitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and wherein said ring system may besubstituted once or more than once by R₁₇.
 5. A compound according toclaim 1 in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form whichis selected from2-isopropyl-9-methyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;2-isopropyl-7,9-dimethyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;2-cyclobutyl-7-methyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;9-(2-aminoethyl)-2-cyclobutyl-7-methyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;2-isopropyl-7,9-dimethyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;2-isopropyl-7,9-dimethyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;2-isopropyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,4′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;2-isopropyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;2-isopropyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;2-isopropyl-7-methyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;2-cyclobutyl-7,9-dimethyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;2-cyclobutyl-9-methyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;2-cyclobutyl-9-methyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;2-cyclobutyl-7,9-dimethyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;2-cyclobutyl-7-ethyl-9-methyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;2-cyclobutyl-6,9-dimethyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;2-cyclobutyl-8,9-dimethyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;2-cyclobutyl-8,9-dimethyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,4′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;7-chloro-2-cyclobutyl-9-methyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;7-chloro-2-cyclobutyl-9-methyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;7-chloro-2-isopropyl-9-methyl-3-phenylthieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;7-chloro-2-isopropyl-9-methyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;2-isopropyl-8-methyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;2-isopropyl-8,9-dimethyl-3-phenylthieno[2′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,9H)-dione;2-isopropyl-3-phenyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3H-cyclohepta[5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(6H,11H)-dione;2-isopropyl-11-methyl-3-phenyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3H-cyclohepta[5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(6H,11H)-dione;2-isopropyl-3-phenyl-7,8-dihydro-3H-cyclopenta[5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(6H,9H)-dione;2-isopropyl-9-methyl-3-phenyl-7,8-dihydro-3H-cyclopenta[5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(6H,9H)-dione;2-isopropyl-6,7-dimethyl-3-phenylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,8H)-dione;2-isopropyl-8-methyl-3-phenyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,5(3H,10H)-dione;2-isopropyl-6,7,8-trimethyl-3-phenylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,8H)-dione;2-isopropyl-7-methyl-3-phenyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,5(3H,10H)-dione;2-isopropyl-8,10-dimethyl-3-phenyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,5(3H,10H)-dione;2-isopropyl-7,10-dimethyl-3-phenyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,5(3H,10H)-dione;2-isopropyl-10-methyl-3-phenyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,5(3H,10H)-dione;2-cyclobutyl-6,7-dimethyl-3-phenylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,8H)-dione;and2-cyclobutyl-6,7,8-trimethyl-3-phenylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,5(3H,8H)-dione.6. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effectiveamount of a compound according to claim 1 and one or morepharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
 7. A combination comprising atherapeutically effective amount of the compound according to claim 1and one or more therapeutically active agents.
 8. (canceled) 9.(canceled)
 10. A method of suppressing the effect of nonsense mutationsin a subject, wherein the method comprises administering to the subjecta therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to claim 1in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form.
 11. A methodof treating a disease caused by nonsense mutations in a subject, whereinthe method comprises administering to the subject a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a compound according to claim 1 in free form or inpharmaceutically acceptable salt form.
 12. A method according to claim11, wherein the disease is selected from hemophilia A, hemophilia B,cystic fibrosis, mucopolysaccharidosis I, Duchenne Muscle Dystrophy,Becker Muscle Dystrophy, loss of APC caused cancer and loss of p53caused cancer.